Mesenchymal stem cell- derived exosomes as cell-free therapeutics for sensorineural hearing loss

Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) can result from various factors, including ototoxic drugs (such as aminoglycosides and chemotherapeutic agents), prolonged exposure to intense sound, and autoimmune or genetic disorders. In adult mammals, the loss of sensory cells in the cochlea is irreversible due...

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Main Authors: Maria Perde-Schrepler, Ioana Brie, Alma Maniu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Association of Basic Medical Sciences of Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina 2025-03-01
Series:Biomolecules & Biomedicine
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Online Access:https://www.bjbms.org/ojs/index.php/bjbms/article/view/11517
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author Maria Perde-Schrepler
Ioana Brie
Alma Maniu
author_facet Maria Perde-Schrepler
Ioana Brie
Alma Maniu
author_sort Maria Perde-Schrepler
collection DOAJ
description Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) can result from various factors, including ototoxic drugs (such as aminoglycosides and chemotherapeutic agents), prolonged exposure to intense sound, and autoimmune or genetic disorders. In adult mammals, the loss of sensory cells in the cochlea is irreversible due to their lack of regenerative capacity. Current treatment options include hearing aids for mild to moderate hearing loss, which rely on residual hearing, and cochlear implants for severe cases, which provide limited auditory recovery while leading to the loss of any remaining natural hearing. Stem cell therapies, particularly those involving mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), are being increasingly explored in regenerative medicine. MSCs are multipotent cells capable of differentiating into mesodermal lineage cells and possess immunomodulatory and regenerative properties, making them potential candidates for SNHL treatment. However, their administration carries risks, including unwanted differentiation, immune system activation, and potential tumorigenic effects. Exosomes, extracellular vesicles in the nanometer size range, are secreted by most eukaryotic cells. These vesicles, which have a double lipid membrane and contain genomic and proteomic material, play a crucial role in intercellular communication. Exosomes derived from MSCs exhibit similar biological functions to their parent cells but with significantly lower risks, as they do not trigger immune responses or pose oncological concerns. This paper aims to review current knowledge on the use of MSCs and MSC-derived exosomes for inner ear sensory cell regeneration and explore their potential for clinical applications.
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spelling doaj-art-d2350b09ecbb4238868548d317bbf7fe2025-08-20T02:52:46ZengAssociation of Basic Medical Sciences of Federation of Bosnia and HerzegovinaBiomolecules & Biomedicine2831-08962831-090X2025-03-0110.17305/bb.2025.11517Mesenchymal stem cell- derived exosomes as cell-free therapeutics for sensorineural hearing lossMaria Perde-Schrepler0https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8581-0982Ioana Brie1Alma Maniu2Iuliu Hatieganu, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Department of Oto-Rhyno-Laryngology, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; Ion Chiricuta, Institute of Oncology, Cluj-Napoca, RomaniaIon Chiricuta, Institute of Oncology, Cluj-Napoca, RomaniaIuliu Hatieganu, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Department of Oto-Rhyno-Laryngology, Cluj-Napoca, Romania Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) can result from various factors, including ototoxic drugs (such as aminoglycosides and chemotherapeutic agents), prolonged exposure to intense sound, and autoimmune or genetic disorders. In adult mammals, the loss of sensory cells in the cochlea is irreversible due to their lack of regenerative capacity. Current treatment options include hearing aids for mild to moderate hearing loss, which rely on residual hearing, and cochlear implants for severe cases, which provide limited auditory recovery while leading to the loss of any remaining natural hearing. Stem cell therapies, particularly those involving mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), are being increasingly explored in regenerative medicine. MSCs are multipotent cells capable of differentiating into mesodermal lineage cells and possess immunomodulatory and regenerative properties, making them potential candidates for SNHL treatment. However, their administration carries risks, including unwanted differentiation, immune system activation, and potential tumorigenic effects. Exosomes, extracellular vesicles in the nanometer size range, are secreted by most eukaryotic cells. These vesicles, which have a double lipid membrane and contain genomic and proteomic material, play a crucial role in intercellular communication. Exosomes derived from MSCs exhibit similar biological functions to their parent cells but with significantly lower risks, as they do not trigger immune responses or pose oncological concerns. This paper aims to review current knowledge on the use of MSCs and MSC-derived exosomes for inner ear sensory cell regeneration and explore their potential for clinical applications. https://www.bjbms.org/ojs/index.php/bjbms/article/view/11517Sensorineural hearing lossSNHLexosomesinner earmesenchymal stem cellsMSCs
spellingShingle Maria Perde-Schrepler
Ioana Brie
Alma Maniu
Mesenchymal stem cell- derived exosomes as cell-free therapeutics for sensorineural hearing loss
Biomolecules & Biomedicine
Sensorineural hearing loss
SNHL
exosomes
inner ear
mesenchymal stem cells
MSCs
title Mesenchymal stem cell- derived exosomes as cell-free therapeutics for sensorineural hearing loss
title_full Mesenchymal stem cell- derived exosomes as cell-free therapeutics for sensorineural hearing loss
title_fullStr Mesenchymal stem cell- derived exosomes as cell-free therapeutics for sensorineural hearing loss
title_full_unstemmed Mesenchymal stem cell- derived exosomes as cell-free therapeutics for sensorineural hearing loss
title_short Mesenchymal stem cell- derived exosomes as cell-free therapeutics for sensorineural hearing loss
title_sort mesenchymal stem cell derived exosomes as cell free therapeutics for sensorineural hearing loss
topic Sensorineural hearing loss
SNHL
exosomes
inner ear
mesenchymal stem cells
MSCs
url https://www.bjbms.org/ojs/index.php/bjbms/article/view/11517
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AT ioanabrie mesenchymalstemcellderivedexosomesascellfreetherapeuticsforsensorineuralhearingloss
AT almamaniu mesenchymalstemcellderivedexosomesascellfreetherapeuticsforsensorineuralhearingloss