Mechanical, thermal and optical properties of natural rubber films with different types of bifunctional aldehydes as curing agents
A new simple system to vulcanize natural rubber (NR) latex at low temperature (50°C) using different bifunctional aldehydes has been proposed. Bifunctional aldehydes with different number of carbon atoms present in the chemical structure, including glyoxal (GX) with 2 carbon atoms, glutaraldehyde (G...
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| Format: | Article |
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Budapest University of Technology and Economics
2022-08-01
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| Series: | eXPRESS Polymer Letters |
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| Online Access: | http://www.expresspolymlett.com/letolt.php?file=EPL-0011909&mi=cd |
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| author | Rawiporn Promsung Yeampon Nakaramontri Claudia Kummerloewe Jobish Johns Norbert Vennemann Ekwipoo Kalkornsurapranee |
| author_facet | Rawiporn Promsung Yeampon Nakaramontri Claudia Kummerloewe Jobish Johns Norbert Vennemann Ekwipoo Kalkornsurapranee |
| author_sort | Rawiporn Promsung |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | A new simple system to vulcanize natural rubber (NR) latex at low temperature (50°C) using different bifunctional aldehydes has been proposed. Bifunctional aldehydes with different number of carbon atoms present in the chemical structure, including glyoxal (GX) with 2 carbon atoms, glutaraldehyde (GA) with 5 carbon atoms and phthaldialdehyde (PA) with 8 carbon atoms were added into natural rubber latex. The mechanical, thermal and optical properties of the crosslinked NR were studied. The formation of crosslinking in the cured NRs was confirmed using infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR). A new absorption peak was found at 1589 cm–1 for ‒NH bending of secondary amine in the case of cured NRs when compared to uncured NR. Universal testing machine (UTM), dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMA), thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) and temperature scanning stress relaxation (TSSR) were employed to study the tensile and thermal properties of cured NRs. Results revealed that the GA cured NR exhibited superior mechanical properties in terms of 100% modulus, tensile strength and hardness up to 2.13, 6.38 MPa and 54.67 Shore A, respectively. Furthermore, GA cured NR showed the highest crosslink density (72.40 mol/m3) and also showed better thermal properties among the different curing systems. The optical properties in terms of transparency of cured NRs were studied. It was noticed that PA cured NR gave more transparency and hence it can be introduced in developing materials for sensor applications. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-d22951ba84a64959a99a19eeba851c7e |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 1788-618X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2022-08-01 |
| publisher | Budapest University of Technology and Economics |
| record_format | Article |
| series | eXPRESS Polymer Letters |
| spelling | doaj-art-d22951ba84a64959a99a19eeba851c7e2025-08-20T03:19:52ZengBudapest University of Technology and EconomicseXPRESS Polymer Letters1788-618X2022-08-0116887188010.3144/expresspolymlett.2022.63Mechanical, thermal and optical properties of natural rubber films with different types of bifunctional aldehydes as curing agentsRawiporn PromsungYeampon NakaramontriClaudia KummerloeweJobish JohnsNorbert VennemannEkwipoo KalkornsurapraneeA new simple system to vulcanize natural rubber (NR) latex at low temperature (50°C) using different bifunctional aldehydes has been proposed. Bifunctional aldehydes with different number of carbon atoms present in the chemical structure, including glyoxal (GX) with 2 carbon atoms, glutaraldehyde (GA) with 5 carbon atoms and phthaldialdehyde (PA) with 8 carbon atoms were added into natural rubber latex. The mechanical, thermal and optical properties of the crosslinked NR were studied. The formation of crosslinking in the cured NRs was confirmed using infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR). A new absorption peak was found at 1589 cm–1 for ‒NH bending of secondary amine in the case of cured NRs when compared to uncured NR. Universal testing machine (UTM), dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMA), thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) and temperature scanning stress relaxation (TSSR) were employed to study the tensile and thermal properties of cured NRs. Results revealed that the GA cured NR exhibited superior mechanical properties in terms of 100% modulus, tensile strength and hardness up to 2.13, 6.38 MPa and 54.67 Shore A, respectively. Furthermore, GA cured NR showed the highest crosslink density (72.40 mol/m3) and also showed better thermal properties among the different curing systems. The optical properties in terms of transparency of cured NRs were studied. It was noticed that PA cured NR gave more transparency and hence it can be introduced in developing materials for sensor applications.http://www.expresspolymlett.com/letolt.php?file=EPL-0011909&mi=cdrubbernatural rubbertransparencybifunctional aldehydesmechanical and thermal properties |
| spellingShingle | Rawiporn Promsung Yeampon Nakaramontri Claudia Kummerloewe Jobish Johns Norbert Vennemann Ekwipoo Kalkornsurapranee Mechanical, thermal and optical properties of natural rubber films with different types of bifunctional aldehydes as curing agents eXPRESS Polymer Letters rubber natural rubber transparency bifunctional aldehydes mechanical and thermal properties |
| title | Mechanical, thermal and optical properties of natural rubber films with different types of bifunctional aldehydes as curing agents |
| title_full | Mechanical, thermal and optical properties of natural rubber films with different types of bifunctional aldehydes as curing agents |
| title_fullStr | Mechanical, thermal and optical properties of natural rubber films with different types of bifunctional aldehydes as curing agents |
| title_full_unstemmed | Mechanical, thermal and optical properties of natural rubber films with different types of bifunctional aldehydes as curing agents |
| title_short | Mechanical, thermal and optical properties of natural rubber films with different types of bifunctional aldehydes as curing agents |
| title_sort | mechanical thermal and optical properties of natural rubber films with different types of bifunctional aldehydes as curing agents |
| topic | rubber natural rubber transparency bifunctional aldehydes mechanical and thermal properties |
| url | http://www.expresspolymlett.com/letolt.php?file=EPL-0011909&mi=cd |
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