Anti-Herpes Simplex Virus (Wild-Type and Drug-Resistant) Properties of Herbal Kerra<sup>TM</sup>, KS<sup>TM</sup>, and Minoza<sup>TM</sup>
Commercial herbal compounds are a main attractive target to explore for a novel drug for the treatment of HSV. This study investigated the anti-HSV infectivity of extracts derived from the Thai commercial herbals Kerra<sup>TM</sup>, KS<sup>TM</sup>, and Minoza<sup>TM<...
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| author | Chaleampol Loymunkong Kiattawee Choowongkomon Chukkris Heawchaiyaphum Nutchanat Chatchawankanpanich Chamsai Pientong Tipaya Ekalaksananan Jureeporn Chuerduangphui |
| author_facet | Chaleampol Loymunkong Kiattawee Choowongkomon Chukkris Heawchaiyaphum Nutchanat Chatchawankanpanich Chamsai Pientong Tipaya Ekalaksananan Jureeporn Chuerduangphui |
| author_sort | Chaleampol Loymunkong |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Commercial herbal compounds are a main attractive target to explore for a novel drug for the treatment of HSV. This study investigated the anti-HSV infectivity of extracts derived from the Thai commercial herbals Kerra<sup>TM</sup>, KS<sup>TM</sup>, and Minoza<sup>TM</sup>. Wild-type HSV-1 KOS, HSV-2, and drug-resistant HSV-1 dxpIII were used to investigate any inhibitory effects of these extracts. A plaque formation assay was performed to investigate the effects of all extracts. The viral <i>ICP4</i>, <i>UL30</i>, <i>gD</i>, and gB and cellular <i>IL1β</i>, <i>IL6</i>, <i>STAT3</i>, and <i>NFKB1</i> expression levels were evaluated. The Kerra<sup>TM</sup>, KS<sup>TM</sup>, and Minoza<sup>TM</sup> extracts at 50–200 μg/mL significantly inhibited HSV-1 KOS and dxpIII infection in the post-entry step, whereas only Minoza<sup>TM</sup> could not reduce plaque formation of HSV-2. In addition, <i>ICP4</i>, <i>UL30</i>, and <i>gD</i> mRNAs and gB protein were significantly decreased in Kerra<sup>TM</sup>- and KS<sup>TM</sup>-treated cells. Furthermore, <i>IL1B</i>, <i>IL6</i>, <i>STAT3</i>, and <i>NFKB1</i> expression was upregulated in Kerra<sup>TM</sup>- and KS<sup>TM</sup>-treated cells. Kerra<sup>TM</sup> and KS<sup>TM</sup> could be agents against HSV infection, especially the HSV acyclovir (ACV)-resistant strain. From the docking result and drug-likeness prediction, 2-Methoxy-9H-xanthen-9-one, piperine, and sargassopenilline D found in Kerra<sup>TM</sup>, KS<sup>TM</sup>, and Minoza<sup>TM</sup> show high binding energy closely resembling ACV, and are desirable as drug-like characteristics. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-d21c8f0dcbac403783ca75f06448bc80 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1999-4915 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
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| spelling | doaj-art-d21c8f0dcbac403783ca75f06448bc802025-08-20T03:56:49ZengMDPI AGViruses1999-49152025-06-0117788910.3390/v17070889Anti-Herpes Simplex Virus (Wild-Type and Drug-Resistant) Properties of Herbal Kerra<sup>TM</sup>, KS<sup>TM</sup>, and Minoza<sup>TM</sup>Chaleampol Loymunkong0Kiattawee Choowongkomon1Chukkris Heawchaiyaphum2Nutchanat Chatchawankanpanich3Chamsai Pientong4Tipaya Ekalaksananan5Jureeporn Chuerduangphui6Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, ThailandDepartment of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, ThailandDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, ThailandMedical Life Sciences Institute, Department of Medical Sciences, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi 11000, ThailandDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, ThailandDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, ThailandDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, ThailandCommercial herbal compounds are a main attractive target to explore for a novel drug for the treatment of HSV. This study investigated the anti-HSV infectivity of extracts derived from the Thai commercial herbals Kerra<sup>TM</sup>, KS<sup>TM</sup>, and Minoza<sup>TM</sup>. Wild-type HSV-1 KOS, HSV-2, and drug-resistant HSV-1 dxpIII were used to investigate any inhibitory effects of these extracts. A plaque formation assay was performed to investigate the effects of all extracts. The viral <i>ICP4</i>, <i>UL30</i>, <i>gD</i>, and gB and cellular <i>IL1β</i>, <i>IL6</i>, <i>STAT3</i>, and <i>NFKB1</i> expression levels were evaluated. The Kerra<sup>TM</sup>, KS<sup>TM</sup>, and Minoza<sup>TM</sup> extracts at 50–200 μg/mL significantly inhibited HSV-1 KOS and dxpIII infection in the post-entry step, whereas only Minoza<sup>TM</sup> could not reduce plaque formation of HSV-2. In addition, <i>ICP4</i>, <i>UL30</i>, and <i>gD</i> mRNAs and gB protein were significantly decreased in Kerra<sup>TM</sup>- and KS<sup>TM</sup>-treated cells. Furthermore, <i>IL1B</i>, <i>IL6</i>, <i>STAT3</i>, and <i>NFKB1</i> expression was upregulated in Kerra<sup>TM</sup>- and KS<sup>TM</sup>-treated cells. Kerra<sup>TM</sup> and KS<sup>TM</sup> could be agents against HSV infection, especially the HSV acyclovir (ACV)-resistant strain. From the docking result and drug-likeness prediction, 2-Methoxy-9H-xanthen-9-one, piperine, and sargassopenilline D found in Kerra<sup>TM</sup>, KS<sup>TM</sup>, and Minoza<sup>TM</sup> show high binding energy closely resembling ACV, and are desirable as drug-like characteristics.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/17/7/889herbal medicinesacyclovirherpes simplex virus |
| spellingShingle | Chaleampol Loymunkong Kiattawee Choowongkomon Chukkris Heawchaiyaphum Nutchanat Chatchawankanpanich Chamsai Pientong Tipaya Ekalaksananan Jureeporn Chuerduangphui Anti-Herpes Simplex Virus (Wild-Type and Drug-Resistant) Properties of Herbal Kerra<sup>TM</sup>, KS<sup>TM</sup>, and Minoza<sup>TM</sup> Viruses herbal medicines acyclovir herpes simplex virus |
| title | Anti-Herpes Simplex Virus (Wild-Type and Drug-Resistant) Properties of Herbal Kerra<sup>TM</sup>, KS<sup>TM</sup>, and Minoza<sup>TM</sup> |
| title_full | Anti-Herpes Simplex Virus (Wild-Type and Drug-Resistant) Properties of Herbal Kerra<sup>TM</sup>, KS<sup>TM</sup>, and Minoza<sup>TM</sup> |
| title_fullStr | Anti-Herpes Simplex Virus (Wild-Type and Drug-Resistant) Properties of Herbal Kerra<sup>TM</sup>, KS<sup>TM</sup>, and Minoza<sup>TM</sup> |
| title_full_unstemmed | Anti-Herpes Simplex Virus (Wild-Type and Drug-Resistant) Properties of Herbal Kerra<sup>TM</sup>, KS<sup>TM</sup>, and Minoza<sup>TM</sup> |
| title_short | Anti-Herpes Simplex Virus (Wild-Type and Drug-Resistant) Properties of Herbal Kerra<sup>TM</sup>, KS<sup>TM</sup>, and Minoza<sup>TM</sup> |
| title_sort | anti herpes simplex virus wild type and drug resistant properties of herbal kerra sup tm sup ks sup tm sup and minoza sup tm sup |
| topic | herbal medicines acyclovir herpes simplex virus |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/17/7/889 |
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