Lupin poisoning: a review
IntroductionLupin beans are the seeds of plants from the Fabaceae family. These beans are rich in protein and used for human consumption for several millennia. Their popularity is still increasing. Some species produce beans with high alkaloid contents, specifically of spartaine and lupanine. Withou...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-04-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Toxicology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/ftox.2025.1547535/full |
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| author | Meye Bloothooft Pien Cremers Sükriye Güven Stijn J. Stoutjesdijk Mara Jiron Mark Wessel Marcel A. G. Van Der Heyden |
| author_facet | Meye Bloothooft Pien Cremers Sükriye Güven Stijn J. Stoutjesdijk Mara Jiron Mark Wessel Marcel A. G. Van Der Heyden |
| author_sort | Meye Bloothooft |
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| description | IntroductionLupin beans are the seeds of plants from the Fabaceae family. These beans are rich in protein and used for human consumption for several millennia. Their popularity is still increasing. Some species produce beans with high alkaloid contents, specifically of spartaine and lupanine. Without proper processing, consuming these beans can result in lupin poisoning that causes anticholinergic syndrome. We systematically analyzed all case reports describing lupin poisoning in humans in order to define most observed clinical findings, treatment options and outcome.MethodsWe screened Pubmed and Google scholar for human case reports on lupin poisoning. Obtained full-text papers in any language were screened for eligibility. Demographics, time-to-symptoms, treatment and outcome were analyzed. Symptoms were categorized using the ICD11 classification.ResultsTwenty-seven case reports describing 33 patients were obtained. Poisoning occurred in all age groups and sexes equally. Most frequent symptoms were bilateral mydriasis (n = 25), xerostomia (n = 25), blurred vision (n = 17), lightheadedness (n = 14), weakness (n = 11). Onset of symptoms was typically within 60 min. In most cases no treatment was required, and symptoms resolved within 24 h after which patients were discharged. Two of four children in the cohort required ICU admission and one died.DiscussionLupin poisoning is rare and requires most often a conservative clinical approach. However, in children the effects are more severe than in adults. Frequency of lupin poisoning may rise due to increased popularity of the beans as an alternative protein source. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-d21b1a1a6c23451c88656b33ecf4e0a2 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2673-3080 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-04-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Toxicology |
| spelling | doaj-art-d21b1a1a6c23451c88656b33ecf4e0a22025-08-20T02:16:29ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Toxicology2673-30802025-04-01710.3389/ftox.2025.15475351547535Lupin poisoning: a reviewMeye Bloothooft0Pien Cremers1Sükriye Güven2Stijn J. Stoutjesdijk3Mara Jiron4Mark Wessel5Marcel A. G. Van Der Heyden6Department of Medical Physiology, Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, NetherlandsHonours Program CRU+ Bachelor, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, NetherlandsHonours Program CRU+ Bachelor, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, NetherlandsHonours Program CRU+ Bachelor, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, NetherlandsHonours Program CRU+ Bachelor, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, NetherlandsHonours Program CRU+ Bachelor, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, NetherlandsDepartment of Medical Physiology, Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, NetherlandsIntroductionLupin beans are the seeds of plants from the Fabaceae family. These beans are rich in protein and used for human consumption for several millennia. Their popularity is still increasing. Some species produce beans with high alkaloid contents, specifically of spartaine and lupanine. Without proper processing, consuming these beans can result in lupin poisoning that causes anticholinergic syndrome. We systematically analyzed all case reports describing lupin poisoning in humans in order to define most observed clinical findings, treatment options and outcome.MethodsWe screened Pubmed and Google scholar for human case reports on lupin poisoning. Obtained full-text papers in any language were screened for eligibility. Demographics, time-to-symptoms, treatment and outcome were analyzed. Symptoms were categorized using the ICD11 classification.ResultsTwenty-seven case reports describing 33 patients were obtained. Poisoning occurred in all age groups and sexes equally. Most frequent symptoms were bilateral mydriasis (n = 25), xerostomia (n = 25), blurred vision (n = 17), lightheadedness (n = 14), weakness (n = 11). Onset of symptoms was typically within 60 min. In most cases no treatment was required, and symptoms resolved within 24 h after which patients were discharged. Two of four children in the cohort required ICU admission and one died.DiscussionLupin poisoning is rare and requires most often a conservative clinical approach. However, in children the effects are more severe than in adults. Frequency of lupin poisoning may rise due to increased popularity of the beans as an alternative protein source.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/ftox.2025.1547535/fulllupinalkaloidL. albusL. mutabilisanticholinergic syndromeACS |
| spellingShingle | Meye Bloothooft Pien Cremers Sükriye Güven Stijn J. Stoutjesdijk Mara Jiron Mark Wessel Marcel A. G. Van Der Heyden Lupin poisoning: a review Frontiers in Toxicology lupin alkaloid L. albus L. mutabilis anticholinergic syndrome ACS |
| title | Lupin poisoning: a review |
| title_full | Lupin poisoning: a review |
| title_fullStr | Lupin poisoning: a review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Lupin poisoning: a review |
| title_short | Lupin poisoning: a review |
| title_sort | lupin poisoning a review |
| topic | lupin alkaloid L. albus L. mutabilis anticholinergic syndrome ACS |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/ftox.2025.1547535/full |
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