Topical Nitroglycerin for Radial Access Optimization: Supporting Vascular Access in Patients at Risk for Acute Heart Failure

<i>Background and Objectives</i>: Radial artery spasm (RAS) is a frequent complication during invasive angiography using the transradial approach, leading to patient discomfort and procedural challenges. While intra-arterial nitroglycerine (NTG) effectively reduces RAS after sheath inser...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Adrian Sebastian Zus, Simina Crișan, Silvia Luca, Daniel Nișulescu, Mihaela Valcovici, Oana Pătru, Mihai-Andrei Lazăr, Cristina Văcărescu, Dan Gaiță, Constantin-Tudor Luca
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-05-01
Series:Medicina
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1648-9144/61/6/1016
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
Description
Summary:<i>Background and Objectives</i>: Radial artery spasm (RAS) is a frequent complication during invasive angiography using the transradial approach, leading to patient discomfort and procedural challenges. While intra-arterial nitroglycerine (NTG) effectively reduces RAS after sheath insertion, preprocedural prevention strategies are limited. This study evaluates the efficacy of topical NTG in improving radial artery puncture success and reducing RAS incidence. <i>Materials and Methods:</i> In a randomized, double-blind single-center study 100 patients undergoing angiography were pretreated with either topical NTG or placebo. Outcomes assessed included RAS incidence, radial artery puncture success, number of attempts, procedural duration, patient discomfort, and complications. RAS was evaluated angiographically and clinically, with additional subgroup analyses for diabetic and smoking patients. <i>Results</i>: Topical NTG significantly reduced RAS incidence (53.2% vs. 73.6%; <i>p</i> = 0.0349) and increased radial puncture success on the first attempt (89.4% vs. 77.4%; <i>p</i> = 0.0488). Diabetic patients particularly benefited from NTG application, with lower RAS rates (36.4% vs. 76.2%; <i>p</i> = 0.0296). No significant differences were observed in procedural duration, patient discomfort, or complication rates between groups. The placebo group demonstrated a higher incidence of diffuse RAS (<i>p</i> = 0.0109). <i>Conclusions:</i> Preprocedural topical NTG application is a safe, non-invasive intervention that improves radial artery access success and reduces RAS, especially in high-risk subgroups such as diabetics. These findings support its potential as a procedural optimization tool in cardiovascular interventions, particularly in patients with heart failure, who often require repeated and reliable vascular access.
ISSN:1010-660X
1648-9144