Geochemical characterization of different phases of phosphate sludge waste according to their density in seawater

Abstract Phosphate treatment at the Kpémé plant uses hydrocycloning with seawater, which produces phosphate sludge wastes discharged into the sea without any prior treatment. This waste is highly enriched in trace elements and is the source of water and coastal sediment pollution. The objective of t...

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Main Authors: Daouda Sama, Pamane Kpiagou, M’bènibé Gmakouba, Laounwi Lakmon, Agbessi Gerard Gnagamago, Kissao Gnandi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Springer 2024-11-01
Series:Discover Water
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1007/s43832-024-00172-z
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author Daouda Sama
Pamane Kpiagou
M’bènibé Gmakouba
Laounwi Lakmon
Agbessi Gerard Gnagamago
Kissao Gnandi
author_facet Daouda Sama
Pamane Kpiagou
M’bènibé Gmakouba
Laounwi Lakmon
Agbessi Gerard Gnagamago
Kissao Gnandi
author_sort Daouda Sama
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Phosphate treatment at the Kpémé plant uses hydrocycloning with seawater, which produces phosphate sludge wastes discharged into the sea without any prior treatment. This waste is highly enriched in trace elements and is the source of water and coastal sediment pollution. The objective of this study is to highlight the pollutant load of the different phases of phosphate mud mining waste and their possible impact on the marine environment of the Togolese coast and certain neighboring countries, depending on their density. The methodology consists of a classification using a mini hydrocyclone Galaxi–Tower and a geochemical characterization of the phases of these sludgy mining wastes. A study of the bulk density of the phases obtained shows that the apatite-rich phase is denser than the clay-rich phase. Clay-rich phases will be transported over longer distances than apatite-rich phases, in accordance with the sea environment conditions prevailing on the coast. The clay-rich phase has a higher degree of acidity and redox potential than the apatite-rich phase. These phosphate sludgy wastes and the various phases are enriched in Cr, Cd, Cu, Co, Zn, Ni and Hg compared with the earth’s crust. On the other hand, the light phase is more enriched in trace elements than the apatite-rich phase. The light phase has a higher apparent partition coefficient for all elements than the apatite-rich phase, except for Cd and Zn. In the dissolved solutions of clay-rich phases, Fe, Zn and Hg contents are higher than in apatite-rich phases. In contrast, Al, Cr, Cd, Cu and Ni contents are higher in apatite-rich phases than in clay-rich phases.
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spelling doaj-art-d2178b6ad051403fac1a52cf3489e2482025-08-20T02:22:24ZengSpringerDiscover Water2730-647X2024-11-014111310.1007/s43832-024-00172-zGeochemical characterization of different phases of phosphate sludge waste according to their density in seawaterDaouda Sama0Pamane Kpiagou1M’bènibé Gmakouba2Laounwi Lakmon3Agbessi Gerard Gnagamago4Kissao Gnandi5Faculty of Sciences, Department of Earth Sciences, Geology Laboratory, University of LoméFaculty of Sciences, Waste Management, Treatment and Recovery Laboratory (GTVD), University of LoméFaculty of Sciences, Department of Earth Sciences, Geology Laboratory, University of LoméFaculty of Sciences, Waste Management, Treatment and Recovery Laboratory (GTVD), University of LoméFaculty of Sciences, Department of Earth Sciences, Geology Laboratory, University of LoméFaculty of Sciences, Department of Earth Sciences, Geology Laboratory, University of LoméAbstract Phosphate treatment at the Kpémé plant uses hydrocycloning with seawater, which produces phosphate sludge wastes discharged into the sea without any prior treatment. This waste is highly enriched in trace elements and is the source of water and coastal sediment pollution. The objective of this study is to highlight the pollutant load of the different phases of phosphate mud mining waste and their possible impact on the marine environment of the Togolese coast and certain neighboring countries, depending on their density. The methodology consists of a classification using a mini hydrocyclone Galaxi–Tower and a geochemical characterization of the phases of these sludgy mining wastes. A study of the bulk density of the phases obtained shows that the apatite-rich phase is denser than the clay-rich phase. Clay-rich phases will be transported over longer distances than apatite-rich phases, in accordance with the sea environment conditions prevailing on the coast. The clay-rich phase has a higher degree of acidity and redox potential than the apatite-rich phase. These phosphate sludgy wastes and the various phases are enriched in Cr, Cd, Cu, Co, Zn, Ni and Hg compared with the earth’s crust. On the other hand, the light phase is more enriched in trace elements than the apatite-rich phase. The light phase has a higher apparent partition coefficient for all elements than the apatite-rich phase, except for Cd and Zn. In the dissolved solutions of clay-rich phases, Fe, Zn and Hg contents are higher than in apatite-rich phases. In contrast, Al, Cr, Cd, Cu and Ni contents are higher in apatite-rich phases than in clay-rich phases.https://doi.org/10.1007/s43832-024-00172-zPhosphate sludge wastePhasesDensityTransportTrace elements
spellingShingle Daouda Sama
Pamane Kpiagou
M’bènibé Gmakouba
Laounwi Lakmon
Agbessi Gerard Gnagamago
Kissao Gnandi
Geochemical characterization of different phases of phosphate sludge waste according to their density in seawater
Discover Water
Phosphate sludge waste
Phases
Density
Transport
Trace elements
title Geochemical characterization of different phases of phosphate sludge waste according to their density in seawater
title_full Geochemical characterization of different phases of phosphate sludge waste according to their density in seawater
title_fullStr Geochemical characterization of different phases of phosphate sludge waste according to their density in seawater
title_full_unstemmed Geochemical characterization of different phases of phosphate sludge waste according to their density in seawater
title_short Geochemical characterization of different phases of phosphate sludge waste according to their density in seawater
title_sort geochemical characterization of different phases of phosphate sludge waste according to their density in seawater
topic Phosphate sludge waste
Phases
Density
Transport
Trace elements
url https://doi.org/10.1007/s43832-024-00172-z
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