Effects of the Species Number of Hydrometeors on the Rapid Intensification of Super Typhoon Mujigae (2015)
Super Typhoon Mujigae (2015) was simulated using the WRF-ARW model version 4.1 with the WSM3, WSM5, WSM6, and WSM7 microphysics schemes, which include 3, 5, 6, and 7 hydrometeor classes, respectively. This study investigated the species number of hydrometeors (SNHs) from simple to complex on the rap...
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2024-11-01
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| author | Simin Pang Jiangnan Li Tianyun Guo Jianfei Chen |
| author_facet | Simin Pang Jiangnan Li Tianyun Guo Jianfei Chen |
| author_sort | Simin Pang |
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| description | Super Typhoon Mujigae (2015) was simulated using the WRF-ARW model version 4.1 with the WSM3, WSM5, WSM6, and WSM7 microphysics schemes, which include 3, 5, 6, and 7 hydrometeor classes, respectively. This study investigated the species number of hydrometeors (SNHs) from simple to complex on the rapid intensification (RI) of a tropical cyclone (TC). SNHs significantly affected the distribution of hydrometeors, microphysical conversion processes (MCPs), latent heat budget, and the interaction between thermal and dynamic processes, thereby influencing the RI. Different SNHs resulted in varied MCPs and a latent heat budget. The WSM3 and WSM5 schemes share the same top three dominating MCPs: condensation of cloud water (COND), accretion of cloud water by rain (RACW), and evaporation of rain (REVP). COND, accretion of cloud water by graupel (GACR), and RACW contributed to the WSM6 scheme. The WSM7 scheme included hail, with contributions from the instantaneous melting of snow, graupel, and COND, respectively. The dominating latent cooling processes were identical, while in different orders, which were evaporation of rain (REVP), sublimation of snow (SSUB), and evaporation of cloud water (CEVP) in the WSM3 and WSM5 schemes; while CEVP, REVP, and SSUB were in the WSM6 and WSM7. The interaction between thermal and dynamic processes was ultimately responsible for the RI. The WSM6 scheme presented an excellent latent heating rate, warm-core structure, and secondary circulation, which enhanced convection and absolute angular momentum transportation, and further indicating RI. The results highlighted the importance of an adequate complexity microphysics scheme to better reproduce the RI. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Kabale University |
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| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-11-01 |
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| series | Atmosphere |
| spelling | doaj-art-d2129254d11b4ec1a8f56c2275a3a88f2024-12-27T14:09:46ZengMDPI AGAtmosphere2073-44332024-11-011512144210.3390/atmos15121442Effects of the Species Number of Hydrometeors on the Rapid Intensification of Super Typhoon Mujigae (2015)Simin Pang0Jiangnan Li1Tianyun Guo2Jianfei Chen3School of Atmospheric Sciences, and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Climate Change and Natural Disaster Studies, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, ChinaSchool of Atmospheric Sciences, and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Climate Change and Natural Disaster Studies, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, ChinaSchool of Atmospheric Sciences, and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Climate Change and Natural Disaster Studies, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, ChinaGuangxi Meteorological Disaster Prevention Center, Nanning 530022, ChinaSuper Typhoon Mujigae (2015) was simulated using the WRF-ARW model version 4.1 with the WSM3, WSM5, WSM6, and WSM7 microphysics schemes, which include 3, 5, 6, and 7 hydrometeor classes, respectively. This study investigated the species number of hydrometeors (SNHs) from simple to complex on the rapid intensification (RI) of a tropical cyclone (TC). SNHs significantly affected the distribution of hydrometeors, microphysical conversion processes (MCPs), latent heat budget, and the interaction between thermal and dynamic processes, thereby influencing the RI. Different SNHs resulted in varied MCPs and a latent heat budget. The WSM3 and WSM5 schemes share the same top three dominating MCPs: condensation of cloud water (COND), accretion of cloud water by rain (RACW), and evaporation of rain (REVP). COND, accretion of cloud water by graupel (GACR), and RACW contributed to the WSM6 scheme. The WSM7 scheme included hail, with contributions from the instantaneous melting of snow, graupel, and COND, respectively. The dominating latent cooling processes were identical, while in different orders, which were evaporation of rain (REVP), sublimation of snow (SSUB), and evaporation of cloud water (CEVP) in the WSM3 and WSM5 schemes; while CEVP, REVP, and SSUB were in the WSM6 and WSM7. The interaction between thermal and dynamic processes was ultimately responsible for the RI. The WSM6 scheme presented an excellent latent heating rate, warm-core structure, and secondary circulation, which enhanced convection and absolute angular momentum transportation, and further indicating RI. The results highlighted the importance of an adequate complexity microphysics scheme to better reproduce the RI.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/15/12/1442typhoonWRFspecies number of hydrometeorsrapid intensification |
| spellingShingle | Simin Pang Jiangnan Li Tianyun Guo Jianfei Chen Effects of the Species Number of Hydrometeors on the Rapid Intensification of Super Typhoon Mujigae (2015) Atmosphere typhoon WRF species number of hydrometeors rapid intensification |
| title | Effects of the Species Number of Hydrometeors on the Rapid Intensification of Super Typhoon Mujigae (2015) |
| title_full | Effects of the Species Number of Hydrometeors on the Rapid Intensification of Super Typhoon Mujigae (2015) |
| title_fullStr | Effects of the Species Number of Hydrometeors on the Rapid Intensification of Super Typhoon Mujigae (2015) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effects of the Species Number of Hydrometeors on the Rapid Intensification of Super Typhoon Mujigae (2015) |
| title_short | Effects of the Species Number of Hydrometeors on the Rapid Intensification of Super Typhoon Mujigae (2015) |
| title_sort | effects of the species number of hydrometeors on the rapid intensification of super typhoon mujigae 2015 |
| topic | typhoon WRF species number of hydrometeors rapid intensification |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/15/12/1442 |
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