Colorimetric Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification with Xylenol Orange Targeting Nucleocapsid Gene for Detection of Feline Coronavirus Infection

Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP), a devastating disease with near-complete mortality, is caused by the feline coronavirus (FCoV) and affects domestic cats worldwide. Herein, we report the development of a reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) assay incorporating x...

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Main Authors: Kotchaporn Khumtong, Witsanu Rapichai, Wichayet Saejung, Piyamat Khamsingnok, Nianrawan Meecharoen, Siriluk Ratanabunyong, Hieu Van Dong, Supansa Tuanthap, Amonpun Rattanasrisomporn, Kiattawee Choowongkomon, Oumaporn Rungsuriyawiboon, Jatuporn Rattanasrisomporn
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-03-01
Series:Viruses
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/17/3/418
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author Kotchaporn Khumtong
Witsanu Rapichai
Wichayet Saejung
Piyamat Khamsingnok
Nianrawan Meecharoen
Siriluk Ratanabunyong
Hieu Van Dong
Supansa Tuanthap
Amonpun Rattanasrisomporn
Kiattawee Choowongkomon
Oumaporn Rungsuriyawiboon
Jatuporn Rattanasrisomporn
author_facet Kotchaporn Khumtong
Witsanu Rapichai
Wichayet Saejung
Piyamat Khamsingnok
Nianrawan Meecharoen
Siriluk Ratanabunyong
Hieu Van Dong
Supansa Tuanthap
Amonpun Rattanasrisomporn
Kiattawee Choowongkomon
Oumaporn Rungsuriyawiboon
Jatuporn Rattanasrisomporn
author_sort Kotchaporn Khumtong
collection DOAJ
description Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP), a devastating disease with near-complete mortality, is caused by the feline coronavirus (FCoV) and affects domestic cats worldwide. Herein, we report the development of a reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) assay incorporating xylenol orange (XO) as a visual indicator for FCoV detection. The assay employed six oligonucleotide primers targeting regions of the nucleocapsid (N) gene. Under optimized conditions (65 °C, 60 min), amplification products were detected through pH-dependent colour changes in the XO dye. The RT-LAMP-XO assay exhibited high specificity for FCoV, with no cross-reactivity against other common feline viral pathogens. While the detection limit (1.7 × 10<sup>1</sup> copies/µL) was an order of magnitude higher than that of qPCR, the method offered advantages in simplicity and speed compared to existing diagnostic approaches. Although less sensitive than qPCR, the RT-LAMP-XO assay may serve as a rapid screening tool when used in combination with additional primer sets. These findings demonstrate the potential utility of XO-based RT-LAMP as a simple, visual detection method for FCoV infection.
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spelling doaj-art-d1ea75f5f1dc4978917c2de760ed5faf2025-08-20T01:50:10ZengMDPI AGViruses1999-49152025-03-0117341810.3390/v17030418Colorimetric Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification with Xylenol Orange Targeting Nucleocapsid Gene for Detection of Feline Coronavirus InfectionKotchaporn Khumtong0Witsanu Rapichai1Wichayet Saejung2Piyamat Khamsingnok3Nianrawan Meecharoen4Siriluk Ratanabunyong5Hieu Van Dong6Supansa Tuanthap7Amonpun Rattanasrisomporn8Kiattawee Choowongkomon9Oumaporn Rungsuriyawiboon10Jatuporn Rattanasrisomporn11Graduate Program in Animal Health and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, ThailandDepartment of Companion Animal Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, ThailandGraduate Program in Animal Health and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, ThailandDepartment of Companion Animal Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, ThailandCentral Laboratory (CTL), Center for Veterinary Research and Innovation, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, ThailandDepartment of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, ThailandDepartment of Companion Animal Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, ThailandFaculty of Veterinary Medicine, Rajamangala University of Technology Tawan-ok, Bangpra, Chonburi 20110, ThailandInterdisciplinary of Genetic Engineering and Bioinformatics, Graduate School, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, ThailandDepartment of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, ThailandDepartment of Veterinary Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Technology, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, ThailandGraduate Program in Animal Health and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, ThailandFeline infectious peritonitis (FIP), a devastating disease with near-complete mortality, is caused by the feline coronavirus (FCoV) and affects domestic cats worldwide. Herein, we report the development of a reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) assay incorporating xylenol orange (XO) as a visual indicator for FCoV detection. The assay employed six oligonucleotide primers targeting regions of the nucleocapsid (N) gene. Under optimized conditions (65 °C, 60 min), amplification products were detected through pH-dependent colour changes in the XO dye. The RT-LAMP-XO assay exhibited high specificity for FCoV, with no cross-reactivity against other common feline viral pathogens. While the detection limit (1.7 × 10<sup>1</sup> copies/µL) was an order of magnitude higher than that of qPCR, the method offered advantages in simplicity and speed compared to existing diagnostic approaches. Although less sensitive than qPCR, the RT-LAMP-XO assay may serve as a rapid screening tool when used in combination with additional primer sets. These findings demonstrate the potential utility of XO-based RT-LAMP as a simple, visual detection method for FCoV infection.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/17/3/418feline corona virusFIPRT-LAMPXylenol orangeqPCR
spellingShingle Kotchaporn Khumtong
Witsanu Rapichai
Wichayet Saejung
Piyamat Khamsingnok
Nianrawan Meecharoen
Siriluk Ratanabunyong
Hieu Van Dong
Supansa Tuanthap
Amonpun Rattanasrisomporn
Kiattawee Choowongkomon
Oumaporn Rungsuriyawiboon
Jatuporn Rattanasrisomporn
Colorimetric Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification with Xylenol Orange Targeting Nucleocapsid Gene for Detection of Feline Coronavirus Infection
Viruses
feline corona virus
FIP
RT-LAMP
Xylenol orange
qPCR
title Colorimetric Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification with Xylenol Orange Targeting Nucleocapsid Gene for Detection of Feline Coronavirus Infection
title_full Colorimetric Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification with Xylenol Orange Targeting Nucleocapsid Gene for Detection of Feline Coronavirus Infection
title_fullStr Colorimetric Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification with Xylenol Orange Targeting Nucleocapsid Gene for Detection of Feline Coronavirus Infection
title_full_unstemmed Colorimetric Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification with Xylenol Orange Targeting Nucleocapsid Gene for Detection of Feline Coronavirus Infection
title_short Colorimetric Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification with Xylenol Orange Targeting Nucleocapsid Gene for Detection of Feline Coronavirus Infection
title_sort colorimetric reverse transcription loop mediated isothermal amplification with xylenol orange targeting nucleocapsid gene for detection of feline coronavirus infection
topic feline corona virus
FIP
RT-LAMP
Xylenol orange
qPCR
url https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/17/3/418
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