Phytochemical Analysis and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of the Extracts of the African Medicinal Plant Ximenia caffra
A method was developed for identification and quantification of polyphenols in the leaves of Ximenia caffra using HPLC/UV/MS. Based on analyzing the MS and UV data and in comparison to the authentic standards, a total of 10 polyphenols were identified and quantified, including gallic acid, catechin,...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2015-01-01
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| Series: | Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/948262 |
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| author | Jing Zhen Yue Guo Tom Villani Steve Carr Thomas Brendler Davis R. Mumbengegwi Ah-Ng Tony Kong James E. Simon Qingli Wu |
| author_facet | Jing Zhen Yue Guo Tom Villani Steve Carr Thomas Brendler Davis R. Mumbengegwi Ah-Ng Tony Kong James E. Simon Qingli Wu |
| author_sort | Jing Zhen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | A method was developed for identification and quantification of polyphenols in the leaves of Ximenia caffra using HPLC/UV/MS. Based on analyzing the MS and UV data and in comparison to the authentic standards, a total of 10 polyphenols were identified and quantified, including gallic acid, catechin, quercetin, kaempferol, and their derivatives. The total content of these compounds was found to be approximately 19.45 mg/g in the leaf and the most abundant is quercetin-rutinoside (9.08 mg/g). The total phenolic content as measured by Folin-Ciocalteu assay was 261.87 ± 7.11 mg GAE/g and the total antioxidant capacity as measured in vitro was 1.46 ± 0.01 mmol Trolox/g. The antiproliferative effect of the leaf extract was measured by MTS assay with IC50 value of 239.0 ± 44.5 μg/mL. Cell-based assays show that the leaf extract inhibits the mRNA expression of proinflammatory genes (IL-6, iNOS, and TNF-α) by using RT-qPCR, implying its anti-inflammatory effects. It was further demonstrated that the underlying therapeutic mechanism involves the suppression of NF-κB, a shared pathway between cell death and inflammation. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-d1e4757d93ca4f02954212d41a5eab3c |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2090-8865 2090-8873 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2015-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry |
| spelling | doaj-art-d1e4757d93ca4f02954212d41a5eab3c2025-02-03T01:10:18ZengWileyJournal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry2090-88652090-88732015-01-01201510.1155/2015/948262948262Phytochemical Analysis and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of the Extracts of the African Medicinal Plant Ximenia caffraJing Zhen0Yue Guo1Tom Villani2Steve Carr3Thomas Brendler4Davis R. Mumbengegwi5Ah-Ng Tony Kong6James E. Simon7Qingli Wu8New Use Agriculture and Natural Plant Products Program, Department of Plant Biology and Pathology, Rutgers University, 59 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USADepartment of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USANew Use Agriculture and Natural Plant Products Program, Department of Plant Biology and Pathology, Rutgers University, 59 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USANational Botanical Research Institute, Windhoek, NamibiaPlantaPhile, 705B Park Avenue, Collingswood, NJ 08108, USADrug Discovery and Development Program, Science, Technology and Innovation Division, Multidisciplinary Research Center University of Namibia, 340 Mandume Ndemufayo Avenue Private Bag Box 13301, Windhoek, NamibiaDepartment of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USANew Use Agriculture and Natural Plant Products Program, Department of Plant Biology and Pathology, Rutgers University, 59 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USANew Use Agriculture and Natural Plant Products Program, Department of Plant Biology and Pathology, Rutgers University, 59 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USAA method was developed for identification and quantification of polyphenols in the leaves of Ximenia caffra using HPLC/UV/MS. Based on analyzing the MS and UV data and in comparison to the authentic standards, a total of 10 polyphenols were identified and quantified, including gallic acid, catechin, quercetin, kaempferol, and their derivatives. The total content of these compounds was found to be approximately 19.45 mg/g in the leaf and the most abundant is quercetin-rutinoside (9.08 mg/g). The total phenolic content as measured by Folin-Ciocalteu assay was 261.87 ± 7.11 mg GAE/g and the total antioxidant capacity as measured in vitro was 1.46 ± 0.01 mmol Trolox/g. The antiproliferative effect of the leaf extract was measured by MTS assay with IC50 value of 239.0 ± 44.5 μg/mL. Cell-based assays show that the leaf extract inhibits the mRNA expression of proinflammatory genes (IL-6, iNOS, and TNF-α) by using RT-qPCR, implying its anti-inflammatory effects. It was further demonstrated that the underlying therapeutic mechanism involves the suppression of NF-κB, a shared pathway between cell death and inflammation.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/948262 |
| spellingShingle | Jing Zhen Yue Guo Tom Villani Steve Carr Thomas Brendler Davis R. Mumbengegwi Ah-Ng Tony Kong James E. Simon Qingli Wu Phytochemical Analysis and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of the Extracts of the African Medicinal Plant Ximenia caffra Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry |
| title | Phytochemical Analysis and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of the Extracts of the African Medicinal Plant Ximenia caffra |
| title_full | Phytochemical Analysis and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of the Extracts of the African Medicinal Plant Ximenia caffra |
| title_fullStr | Phytochemical Analysis and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of the Extracts of the African Medicinal Plant Ximenia caffra |
| title_full_unstemmed | Phytochemical Analysis and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of the Extracts of the African Medicinal Plant Ximenia caffra |
| title_short | Phytochemical Analysis and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of the Extracts of the African Medicinal Plant Ximenia caffra |
| title_sort | phytochemical analysis and anti inflammatory activity of the extracts of the african medicinal plant ximenia caffra |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/948262 |
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