Finite element study of the efficacy of three different loops for bodily protraction of the mandibular molar
Abstract This study aimed to compare three different loops (T loop, Cherry loop, and Open helical loop) and optimal tip back angle (10°, 15°, 20°) for protraction of mandibular second molar using Finite Element Model (FEM). A CBCT scan of a 20-year-old patient was recorded. It was converted into a C...
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Nature Portfolio
2025-04-01
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-94627-5 |
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| author | Aditi Mehta Alap Shah Anisha Prasad Bharvi Jani Kinnari Shah Anirudh Kulkarni Nattapon Chantarapanich Samroeng Inglam Mohammad Fareed Anand Marya |
| author_facet | Aditi Mehta Alap Shah Anisha Prasad Bharvi Jani Kinnari Shah Anirudh Kulkarni Nattapon Chantarapanich Samroeng Inglam Mohammad Fareed Anand Marya |
| author_sort | Aditi Mehta |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract This study aimed to compare three different loops (T loop, Cherry loop, and Open helical loop) and optimal tip back angle (10°, 15°, 20°) for protraction of mandibular second molar using Finite Element Model (FEM). A CBCT scan of a 20-year-old patient was recorded. It was converted into a CAD file and then into a FEM. A FEM model developed was used to find out the efficacy of the loops and optimal tip-back angles. Displacement of the molar was measured at four reference points: the mesio-buccal cusp, distobuccal cusp, mesial root, and the distal root of the first molar. No significant difference was seen in the displacement for all three loops. At a 10° angle, there was more mesial tipping (5.9°) and molar extrusion. At a 15° angle, there was less mesial tipping (2.9-3°) and no changes in the vertical plane. At a 20° angle, there was bodily movement and intrusion of molars. All three loops are equally effective in the protraction of mandibular molar. A 15° tip back angle was most effective in protracting the mandibular molar as only a negligible amount of mesial tipping of the molar was seen, and there was no extrusion or intrusion of the molar, thus maintaining the occlusal plane. Loop mechanics are preferred over the use of power chains as this helps maintain better control over the molar position during protraction. Loops are very effective at avoiding mesial tipping and extrusion of molars during mesialization to close spaces. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-d1db3ecb32a1403987ccc4d19c13dd67 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-04-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
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| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj-art-d1db3ecb32a1403987ccc4d19c13dd672025-08-20T03:14:07ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-04-011511710.1038/s41598-025-94627-5Finite element study of the efficacy of three different loops for bodily protraction of the mandibular molarAditi MehtaAlap Shah0Anisha Prasad1Bharvi Jani2Kinnari Shah3Anirudh Kulkarni4Nattapon Chantarapanich5Samroeng Inglam6Mohammad Fareed7Anand Marya8Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Karnavati School of DentistryDepartment of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Karnavati School of DentistryDepartment of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Karnavati School of DentistryDepartment of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Karnavati School of DentistryDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Pandit Deendayal Energy UniversityDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering at Sriracha, Kasetsart UniversityFaculty of Dentistry, Thammasat UniversityDepartment of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, AlMaarefa UniversityDepartment of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of PuthisastraAbstract This study aimed to compare three different loops (T loop, Cherry loop, and Open helical loop) and optimal tip back angle (10°, 15°, 20°) for protraction of mandibular second molar using Finite Element Model (FEM). A CBCT scan of a 20-year-old patient was recorded. It was converted into a CAD file and then into a FEM. A FEM model developed was used to find out the efficacy of the loops and optimal tip-back angles. Displacement of the molar was measured at four reference points: the mesio-buccal cusp, distobuccal cusp, mesial root, and the distal root of the first molar. No significant difference was seen in the displacement for all three loops. At a 10° angle, there was more mesial tipping (5.9°) and molar extrusion. At a 15° angle, there was less mesial tipping (2.9-3°) and no changes in the vertical plane. At a 20° angle, there was bodily movement and intrusion of molars. All three loops are equally effective in the protraction of mandibular molar. A 15° tip back angle was most effective in protracting the mandibular molar as only a negligible amount of mesial tipping of the molar was seen, and there was no extrusion or intrusion of the molar, thus maintaining the occlusal plane. Loop mechanics are preferred over the use of power chains as this helps maintain better control over the molar position during protraction. Loops are very effective at avoiding mesial tipping and extrusion of molars during mesialization to close spaces.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-94627-5Molar ProtractionMesialisation of mandibular molarT loopCherry loopOpen helical loopTip back angle |
| spellingShingle | Aditi Mehta Alap Shah Anisha Prasad Bharvi Jani Kinnari Shah Anirudh Kulkarni Nattapon Chantarapanich Samroeng Inglam Mohammad Fareed Anand Marya Finite element study of the efficacy of three different loops for bodily protraction of the mandibular molar Scientific Reports Molar Protraction Mesialisation of mandibular molar T loop Cherry loop Open helical loop Tip back angle |
| title | Finite element study of the efficacy of three different loops for bodily protraction of the mandibular molar |
| title_full | Finite element study of the efficacy of three different loops for bodily protraction of the mandibular molar |
| title_fullStr | Finite element study of the efficacy of three different loops for bodily protraction of the mandibular molar |
| title_full_unstemmed | Finite element study of the efficacy of three different loops for bodily protraction of the mandibular molar |
| title_short | Finite element study of the efficacy of three different loops for bodily protraction of the mandibular molar |
| title_sort | finite element study of the efficacy of three different loops for bodily protraction of the mandibular molar |
| topic | Molar Protraction Mesialisation of mandibular molar T loop Cherry loop Open helical loop Tip back angle |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-94627-5 |
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