Evaluation of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) response to herbicides using unmanned aerial system imagery
Water hyacinth is a highly invasive aquatic species in the southern United States that requires intensive management through frequent herbicide applications. Quantifying management success in large-scale operations is challenging with traditional survey methods that rely on boat-based teams and can...
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Cambridge University Press
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Weed Technology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0890037X25000284/type/journal_article |
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| author | Amber E. Riner Jonathan S. Glueckert Corrina J. Vuillequez James K. Leary Benjamin P. Sperry Gregory E. Macdonald |
| author_facet | Amber E. Riner Jonathan S. Glueckert Corrina J. Vuillequez James K. Leary Benjamin P. Sperry Gregory E. Macdonald |
| author_sort | Amber E. Riner |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Water hyacinth is a highly invasive aquatic species in the southern United States that requires intensive management through frequent herbicide applications. Quantifying management success in large-scale operations is challenging with traditional survey methods that rely on boat-based teams and can be time-consuming and labor-intensive. In contrast, an unmanned aerial system (UAS) allows a single operator to survey a waterbody more efficiently and rapidly, enhancing both coverage and data collection. Therefore, the objective of this research was to develop remote sensing techniques to assess herbicide efficacy for water hyacinth control in an outdoor mesocosm study. Experiments were conducted in spring and summer 2023 to compare and correlate data from visual evaluations of herbicide efficacy against nine vegetation indices (VIs) derived from UAS-based red-green-blue imagery. Penoxsulam, carfentrazone, diquat, 2,4-D, florpyrauxifen-benzyl, and glyphosate were applied at two rates, and experimental units were evaluated for 6 wk. The carotenoid reflectance index (CRI) had the highest Spearman’s correlation coefficient with visually evaluated efficacy for 2,4-D, diquat, and florpyrauxifen benzyl (> −0.77). The visible atmospherically resistance index (VARI) had the highest correlation with carfentrazone and penoxsulam treatments (> −0.70), and the excess greenness minus redness index had the highest correlation for glyphosate treatments (> −0.83). CRI had the highest correlation coefficient with the most herbicide treatments, and it was the only VI tested that did not include the red band. These VIs were satisfactory predictors of mid-range visually evaluated herbicide efficacy values but were poorly correlated with extremely low and high values, corresponding to nontreated and necrotic plants. Future research should focus on applying findings to real-world (nonexperimental) field conditions and testing imagery with spectral bands beyond the visible range. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-d1d13f8bbff94772b5a6febd60f0a2b0 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 0890-037X 1550-2740 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Cambridge University Press |
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| series | Weed Technology |
| spelling | doaj-art-d1d13f8bbff94772b5a6febd60f0a2b02025-08-20T03:31:49ZengCambridge University PressWeed Technology0890-037X1550-27402025-01-013910.1017/wet.2025.28Evaluation of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) response to herbicides using unmanned aerial system imageryAmber E. Riner0https://orcid.org/0009-0003-4699-4784Jonathan S. Glueckert1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5892-1465Corrina J. Vuillequez2https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2088-5362James K. Leary3Benjamin P. Sperry4https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2471-2163Gregory E. Macdonald5https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8519-4611Graduate Research Assistant, Center for Aquatic and Invasive Plants, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USABiological Scientist, Center for Aquatic and Invasive Plants, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USAGraduate Research Assistant, Center for Aquatic and Invasive Plants, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USAAssistant Professor, Center for Aquatic and Invasive Plants, Gainesville, FL, USAResearch Biologist, US Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Gainesville, FL, USAProfessor, Agronomy Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USAWater hyacinth is a highly invasive aquatic species in the southern United States that requires intensive management through frequent herbicide applications. Quantifying management success in large-scale operations is challenging with traditional survey methods that rely on boat-based teams and can be time-consuming and labor-intensive. In contrast, an unmanned aerial system (UAS) allows a single operator to survey a waterbody more efficiently and rapidly, enhancing both coverage and data collection. Therefore, the objective of this research was to develop remote sensing techniques to assess herbicide efficacy for water hyacinth control in an outdoor mesocosm study. Experiments were conducted in spring and summer 2023 to compare and correlate data from visual evaluations of herbicide efficacy against nine vegetation indices (VIs) derived from UAS-based red-green-blue imagery. Penoxsulam, carfentrazone, diquat, 2,4-D, florpyrauxifen-benzyl, and glyphosate were applied at two rates, and experimental units were evaluated for 6 wk. The carotenoid reflectance index (CRI) had the highest Spearman’s correlation coefficient with visually evaluated efficacy for 2,4-D, diquat, and florpyrauxifen benzyl (> −0.77). The visible atmospherically resistance index (VARI) had the highest correlation with carfentrazone and penoxsulam treatments (> −0.70), and the excess greenness minus redness index had the highest correlation for glyphosate treatments (> −0.83). CRI had the highest correlation coefficient with the most herbicide treatments, and it was the only VI tested that did not include the red band. These VIs were satisfactory predictors of mid-range visually evaluated herbicide efficacy values but were poorly correlated with extremely low and high values, corresponding to nontreated and necrotic plants. Future research should focus on applying findings to real-world (nonexperimental) field conditions and testing imagery with spectral bands beyond the visible range.https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0890037X25000284/type/journal_articleCarfentrazonediquatflorpyrauxifen-benzylglyphosatepenoxsulam2,4-Dwater hyacinth Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) SolmsDroneRGBaquaticvegetation indexremote sensingherbicide injuryimage analysis |
| spellingShingle | Amber E. Riner Jonathan S. Glueckert Corrina J. Vuillequez James K. Leary Benjamin P. Sperry Gregory E. Macdonald Evaluation of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) response to herbicides using unmanned aerial system imagery Weed Technology Carfentrazone diquat florpyrauxifen-benzyl glyphosate penoxsulam 2,4-D water hyacinth Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms Drone RGB aquatic vegetation index remote sensing herbicide injury image analysis |
| title | Evaluation of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) response to herbicides using unmanned aerial system imagery |
| title_full | Evaluation of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) response to herbicides using unmanned aerial system imagery |
| title_fullStr | Evaluation of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) response to herbicides using unmanned aerial system imagery |
| title_full_unstemmed | Evaluation of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) response to herbicides using unmanned aerial system imagery |
| title_short | Evaluation of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) response to herbicides using unmanned aerial system imagery |
| title_sort | evaluation of water hyacinth eichhornia crassipes response to herbicides using unmanned aerial system imagery |
| topic | Carfentrazone diquat florpyrauxifen-benzyl glyphosate penoxsulam 2,4-D water hyacinth Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms Drone RGB aquatic vegetation index remote sensing herbicide injury image analysis |
| url | https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0890037X25000284/type/journal_article |
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