Development of a General Composite Scale (GENCOMS) for Progressive Neurodegenerative Diseases and Implications for the Assessment of Disease-Modifying Therapies

Abstract Introduction The reliable assessment of treatment outcomes for disease-modifying therapies (DMT) in neurodegenerative disease is challenging. The objective of this paper is to describe a generalized framework for developing composite scales that can be applied in diverse, degenerative condi...

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Main Authors: Samuel P. Dickson, Craig H. Mallinckrodt, Basia Rogula, Lauren C. Powell, Michele H. Potashman, Vladimir Coric, Gilbert J. L’Italien, Suzanne B. Hendrix
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Adis, Springer Healthcare 2024-09-01
Series:Neurology and Therapy
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1007/s40120-024-00661-2
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author Samuel P. Dickson
Craig H. Mallinckrodt
Basia Rogula
Lauren C. Powell
Michele H. Potashman
Vladimir Coric
Gilbert J. L’Italien
Suzanne B. Hendrix
author_facet Samuel P. Dickson
Craig H. Mallinckrodt
Basia Rogula
Lauren C. Powell
Michele H. Potashman
Vladimir Coric
Gilbert J. L’Italien
Suzanne B. Hendrix
author_sort Samuel P. Dickson
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Introduction The reliable assessment of treatment outcomes for disease-modifying therapies (DMT) in neurodegenerative disease is challenging. The objective of this paper is to describe a generalized framework for developing composite scales that can be applied in diverse, degenerative conditions, termed “GENCOMS.” Composite scales optimize the sensitivity for detecting clinically meaningful effects that slow disease progression. Methods The GENCOMS method relies on robust natural history data and/or placebo arm data from DMT trials. Validated scales that are core to the disease process have been identified, and item level data obtained to standardize the response outcomes from 0 (best possible score) to 1 (worst possible score). A partial least squares regression analysis was conducted with temporal change as the dependent variable and change scores in standardized items as the explanatory variables. The derived model coefficients constitute a weighted sum of items that most effectively measure disease progression. Results The resultant composite scale was optimized to detect disease progression and can be examined in a range of slow or fast progressing populations. The scale can be used in studies with comparable patient populations as an endpoint optimized to measure disease progression and therefore ideally suited to assess treatment effects in DMTs. Conclusion The methodology presented here provides a generalizable framework for developing composite scales in the assessment of neurodegenerative disease progression and evaluation of DMT effects. By objectively selecting and weighting items from previously validated measures based solely on their sensitivity to disease progression, this methodology allows for the creation of a more responsive measurement of clinical decline. This heightened sensitivity to clinical decline can be utilized to detect modest yet meaningful treatment effects in the early stages of neurogenerative diseases, when it is optimal to begin a DMT.
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spelling doaj-art-d1ccc5dd83094f3cb19bce689314d9bb2025-08-20T02:50:08ZengAdis, Springer HealthcareNeurology and Therapy2193-82532193-65362024-09-011361627163910.1007/s40120-024-00661-2Development of a General Composite Scale (GENCOMS) for Progressive Neurodegenerative Diseases and Implications for the Assessment of Disease-Modifying TherapiesSamuel P. Dickson0Craig H. Mallinckrodt1Basia Rogula2Lauren C. Powell3Michele H. Potashman4Vladimir Coric5Gilbert J. L’Italien6Suzanne B. Hendrix7Pentara CorpPentara CorpBroadstreet Health Economics and Outcomes ResearchBroadstreet Health Economics and Outcomes ResearchBiohaven PharmaceuticalsBiohaven PharmaceuticalsBiohaven PharmaceuticalsPentara CorpAbstract Introduction The reliable assessment of treatment outcomes for disease-modifying therapies (DMT) in neurodegenerative disease is challenging. The objective of this paper is to describe a generalized framework for developing composite scales that can be applied in diverse, degenerative conditions, termed “GENCOMS.” Composite scales optimize the sensitivity for detecting clinically meaningful effects that slow disease progression. Methods The GENCOMS method relies on robust natural history data and/or placebo arm data from DMT trials. Validated scales that are core to the disease process have been identified, and item level data obtained to standardize the response outcomes from 0 (best possible score) to 1 (worst possible score). A partial least squares regression analysis was conducted with temporal change as the dependent variable and change scores in standardized items as the explanatory variables. The derived model coefficients constitute a weighted sum of items that most effectively measure disease progression. Results The resultant composite scale was optimized to detect disease progression and can be examined in a range of slow or fast progressing populations. The scale can be used in studies with comparable patient populations as an endpoint optimized to measure disease progression and therefore ideally suited to assess treatment effects in DMTs. Conclusion The methodology presented here provides a generalizable framework for developing composite scales in the assessment of neurodegenerative disease progression and evaluation of DMT effects. By objectively selecting and weighting items from previously validated measures based solely on their sensitivity to disease progression, this methodology allows for the creation of a more responsive measurement of clinical decline. This heightened sensitivity to clinical decline can be utilized to detect modest yet meaningful treatment effects in the early stages of neurogenerative diseases, when it is optimal to begin a DMT.https://doi.org/10.1007/s40120-024-00661-2Composite measureNeurodegenerative diseaseDisease progressionFunctional impairmentPartial least squares regression
spellingShingle Samuel P. Dickson
Craig H. Mallinckrodt
Basia Rogula
Lauren C. Powell
Michele H. Potashman
Vladimir Coric
Gilbert J. L’Italien
Suzanne B. Hendrix
Development of a General Composite Scale (GENCOMS) for Progressive Neurodegenerative Diseases and Implications for the Assessment of Disease-Modifying Therapies
Neurology and Therapy
Composite measure
Neurodegenerative disease
Disease progression
Functional impairment
Partial least squares regression
title Development of a General Composite Scale (GENCOMS) for Progressive Neurodegenerative Diseases and Implications for the Assessment of Disease-Modifying Therapies
title_full Development of a General Composite Scale (GENCOMS) for Progressive Neurodegenerative Diseases and Implications for the Assessment of Disease-Modifying Therapies
title_fullStr Development of a General Composite Scale (GENCOMS) for Progressive Neurodegenerative Diseases and Implications for the Assessment of Disease-Modifying Therapies
title_full_unstemmed Development of a General Composite Scale (GENCOMS) for Progressive Neurodegenerative Diseases and Implications for the Assessment of Disease-Modifying Therapies
title_short Development of a General Composite Scale (GENCOMS) for Progressive Neurodegenerative Diseases and Implications for the Assessment of Disease-Modifying Therapies
title_sort development of a general composite scale gencoms for progressive neurodegenerative diseases and implications for the assessment of disease modifying therapies
topic Composite measure
Neurodegenerative disease
Disease progression
Functional impairment
Partial least squares regression
url https://doi.org/10.1007/s40120-024-00661-2
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