Leptohadronic Multimessenger Modeling of Two High-redshift (z > 1) Neutrino Emission Blazar Candidates
The blazars are one of the leading candidate sources of high-energy neutrinos. Recently, two blazars have been found to be temporally and spatially correlated with some IceCube high-energy neutrino events. The two blazars, GB6 J2113+1121 and NVSS J171822+423948, are flat spectrum radio quasars (FSRQ...
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2025-01-01
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| author | Xiong Jiang Neng-Hui Liao Rui Xue Yi-Zhong Fan Da-Ming Wei |
| author_facet | Xiong Jiang Neng-Hui Liao Rui Xue Yi-Zhong Fan Da-Ming Wei |
| author_sort | Xiong Jiang |
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| description | The blazars are one of the leading candidate sources of high-energy neutrinos. Recently, two blazars have been found to be temporally and spatially correlated with some IceCube high-energy neutrino events. The two blazars, GB6 J2113+1121 and NVSS J171822+423948, are flat spectrum radio quasars (FSRQs) with redshifts greater than unity. In particular, NVSS J171822+423948 has a redshift of 2.7, which provides an important probe for studying the radiation processes of jets from active galactic nuclei in the early Universe. To better understand the physical origin of the IceCube neutrinos, we adopt the one-zone leptohadronic model to fit the multimessenger emission of GB6 J2113+1121 and NVSS J171822+423948 during their γ -ray flaring periods and then calculate the high-energy neutrino detection probability. The chance of detecting a single muon neutrino from these two sources is found to be ∼2% and 0.8%, respectively. Although such detection rates are not high mainly because of their high redshifts, our investigation strongly suggests that these sources are efficient PeV neutrino emitters. Our results also indicate that electromagnetic cascades produced by hadronic processes contribute significantly to X-ray and γ -ray emissions. However, high-energy γ -rays can be severely absorbed by the soft photon field from the broad-line region, which weakens the correlation between γ -rays and neutrinos, while suggesting a stronger connection between X-rays and neutrinos. We predict that IceCube will continue to detect neutrinos from FSRQs with redshifts greater than 1 in the future. |
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| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
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| series | The Astrophysical Journal |
| spelling | doaj-art-d1c32dac1f7d49b686ef6e466faa9bfd2025-08-20T02:35:33ZengIOP PublishingThe Astrophysical Journal1538-43572025-01-01986111010.3847/1538-4357/add1b5Leptohadronic Multimessenger Modeling of Two High-redshift (z > 1) Neutrino Emission Blazar CandidatesXiong Jiang0Neng-Hui Liao1https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6614-3344Rui Xue2https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1721-151XYi-Zhong Fan3https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8966-6911Da-Ming Wei4https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9758-5476Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Physics, Guizhou University , Guiyang 550025, People’s Republic of China ; nhliao@gzu.edu.cn; Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Nanjing 210023, People’s Republic of China ; dmwei@pmo.ac.cn; School of Astronomy and Space Science, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei, Anhui 230026, People’s Republic of ChinaDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, College of Physics, Guizhou University , Guiyang 550025, People’s Republic of China ; nhliao@gzu.edu.cnDepartment of Physics, Zhejiang Normal University , Jinhua 321004, People’s Republic of China ; ruixue@zjnu.edu.cnKey Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Nanjing 210023, People’s Republic of China ; dmwei@pmo.ac.cn; School of Astronomy and Space Science, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei, Anhui 230026, People’s Republic of ChinaKey Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Nanjing 210023, People’s Republic of China ; dmwei@pmo.ac.cn; School of Astronomy and Space Science, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei, Anhui 230026, People’s Republic of ChinaThe blazars are one of the leading candidate sources of high-energy neutrinos. Recently, two blazars have been found to be temporally and spatially correlated with some IceCube high-energy neutrino events. The two blazars, GB6 J2113+1121 and NVSS J171822+423948, are flat spectrum radio quasars (FSRQs) with redshifts greater than unity. In particular, NVSS J171822+423948 has a redshift of 2.7, which provides an important probe for studying the radiation processes of jets from active galactic nuclei in the early Universe. To better understand the physical origin of the IceCube neutrinos, we adopt the one-zone leptohadronic model to fit the multimessenger emission of GB6 J2113+1121 and NVSS J171822+423948 during their γ -ray flaring periods and then calculate the high-energy neutrino detection probability. The chance of detecting a single muon neutrino from these two sources is found to be ∼2% and 0.8%, respectively. Although such detection rates are not high mainly because of their high redshifts, our investigation strongly suggests that these sources are efficient PeV neutrino emitters. Our results also indicate that electromagnetic cascades produced by hadronic processes contribute significantly to X-ray and γ -ray emissions. However, high-energy γ -rays can be severely absorbed by the soft photon field from the broad-line region, which weakens the correlation between γ -rays and neutrinos, while suggesting a stronger connection between X-rays and neutrinos. We predict that IceCube will continue to detect neutrinos from FSRQs with redshifts greater than 1 in the future.https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/add1b5Neutrino astronomyGalaxy jetsGamma-ray astronomy |
| spellingShingle | Xiong Jiang Neng-Hui Liao Rui Xue Yi-Zhong Fan Da-Ming Wei Leptohadronic Multimessenger Modeling of Two High-redshift (z > 1) Neutrino Emission Blazar Candidates The Astrophysical Journal Neutrino astronomy Galaxy jets Gamma-ray astronomy |
| title | Leptohadronic Multimessenger Modeling of Two High-redshift (z > 1) Neutrino Emission Blazar Candidates |
| title_full | Leptohadronic Multimessenger Modeling of Two High-redshift (z > 1) Neutrino Emission Blazar Candidates |
| title_fullStr | Leptohadronic Multimessenger Modeling of Two High-redshift (z > 1) Neutrino Emission Blazar Candidates |
| title_full_unstemmed | Leptohadronic Multimessenger Modeling of Two High-redshift (z > 1) Neutrino Emission Blazar Candidates |
| title_short | Leptohadronic Multimessenger Modeling of Two High-redshift (z > 1) Neutrino Emission Blazar Candidates |
| title_sort | leptohadronic multimessenger modeling of two high redshift z 1 neutrino emission blazar candidates |
| topic | Neutrino astronomy Galaxy jets Gamma-ray astronomy |
| url | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/add1b5 |
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