High-precision lighting for plants: monochromatic red laser diodes outperform LEDs in photosynthesis and plant growth

The optimization of plant productivity in indoor horticulture relies heavily on artificial light systems, which serve as the primary light source for plant growth. Although light-emitting diodes (LEDs) have been extensively studied in recent decades, there is limited research on laser diodes (LDs)....

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Main Authors: Lie Li, Ryusei Sugita, Kampei Yamaguchi, Hiroyuki Togawa, Ichiro Terashima, Wataru Yamori
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-05-01
Series:Frontiers in Plant Science
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2025.1589279/full
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author Lie Li
Ryusei Sugita
Kampei Yamaguchi
Hiroyuki Togawa
Ichiro Terashima
Wataru Yamori
author_facet Lie Li
Ryusei Sugita
Kampei Yamaguchi
Hiroyuki Togawa
Ichiro Terashima
Wataru Yamori
author_sort Lie Li
collection DOAJ
description The optimization of plant productivity in indoor horticulture relies heavily on artificial light systems, which serve as the primary light source for plant growth. Although light-emitting diodes (LEDs) have been extensively studied in recent decades, there is limited research on laser diodes (LDs). LDs offer several advantages, including single-wavelength coherent light, remote illumination via optical fibers that minimizes heat accumulation at the canopy level, a compact and lightweight design, and enhanced energy efficiency at high input current densities. This study investigated the impact of red LD light on plant photosynthesis and growth, exploring its potential applications in indoor horticulture. The research examined the gas exchange of tobacco plants (Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. Wisconsin-38) under six red LED and LD light sources with varying spectral characteristics. Two specific light sources were selected for further study: LED 664 (emission peak at 664 nm, waveband of 625~678 nm) and LD 660 (emission peak at 660 nm, waveband of 657~664 nm) as they demonstrated the greatest gas exchange efficiency among the tested LED and LD light sources. These two light sources were then evaluated for their effects on photochemical efficiency, carbohydrate accumulation and plant growth. The present study showed that compared with LED 664, LD 660 significantly increased Y(II), qL, and starch accumulation in tobacco leaves. Additionally, after 12 d of continuous irradiation with LD 660, tobacco and Arabidopsis plants exhibited increased photosynthetic capacity. Furthermore, all three investigated species, tobacco, Arabidopsis, and lettuce, showed greater shoot dry weights and leaf areas compared to those under LED 664. These findings suggest that LDs present significant advantages over LEDs for indoor plant production.
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spelling doaj-art-d1ac4a3009c348b4bbc6f59dca609be72025-08-20T01:52:18ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Plant Science1664-462X2025-05-011610.3389/fpls.2025.15892791589279High-precision lighting for plants: monochromatic red laser diodes outperform LEDs in photosynthesis and plant growthLie Li0Ryusei Sugita1Kampei Yamaguchi2Hiroyuki Togawa3Ichiro Terashima4Wataru Yamori5Institute for Sustainable Agro-ecosystem Services, The University of Tokyo, Nishitokyo, JapanResearch & Development Division, Stanley Electric Co., Ltd., Hatano, JapanResearch & Development Division, Stanley Electric Co., Ltd., Hatano, JapanResearch & Development Division, Stanley Electric Co., Ltd., Hatano, JapanInstitute of Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, TaiwanInstitute for Sustainable Agro-ecosystem Services, The University of Tokyo, Nishitokyo, JapanThe optimization of plant productivity in indoor horticulture relies heavily on artificial light systems, which serve as the primary light source for plant growth. Although light-emitting diodes (LEDs) have been extensively studied in recent decades, there is limited research on laser diodes (LDs). LDs offer several advantages, including single-wavelength coherent light, remote illumination via optical fibers that minimizes heat accumulation at the canopy level, a compact and lightweight design, and enhanced energy efficiency at high input current densities. This study investigated the impact of red LD light on plant photosynthesis and growth, exploring its potential applications in indoor horticulture. The research examined the gas exchange of tobacco plants (Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. Wisconsin-38) under six red LED and LD light sources with varying spectral characteristics. Two specific light sources were selected for further study: LED 664 (emission peak at 664 nm, waveband of 625~678 nm) and LD 660 (emission peak at 660 nm, waveband of 657~664 nm) as they demonstrated the greatest gas exchange efficiency among the tested LED and LD light sources. These two light sources were then evaluated for their effects on photochemical efficiency, carbohydrate accumulation and plant growth. The present study showed that compared with LED 664, LD 660 significantly increased Y(II), qL, and starch accumulation in tobacco leaves. Additionally, after 12 d of continuous irradiation with LD 660, tobacco and Arabidopsis plants exhibited increased photosynthetic capacity. Furthermore, all three investigated species, tobacco, Arabidopsis, and lettuce, showed greater shoot dry weights and leaf areas compared to those under LED 664. These findings suggest that LDs present significant advantages over LEDs for indoor plant production.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2025.1589279/fullindoor horticulturered lightlaser diode (LD)photosynthesisLED
spellingShingle Lie Li
Ryusei Sugita
Kampei Yamaguchi
Hiroyuki Togawa
Ichiro Terashima
Wataru Yamori
High-precision lighting for plants: monochromatic red laser diodes outperform LEDs in photosynthesis and plant growth
Frontiers in Plant Science
indoor horticulture
red light
laser diode (LD)
photosynthesis
LED
title High-precision lighting for plants: monochromatic red laser diodes outperform LEDs in photosynthesis and plant growth
title_full High-precision lighting for plants: monochromatic red laser diodes outperform LEDs in photosynthesis and plant growth
title_fullStr High-precision lighting for plants: monochromatic red laser diodes outperform LEDs in photosynthesis and plant growth
title_full_unstemmed High-precision lighting for plants: monochromatic red laser diodes outperform LEDs in photosynthesis and plant growth
title_short High-precision lighting for plants: monochromatic red laser diodes outperform LEDs in photosynthesis and plant growth
title_sort high precision lighting for plants monochromatic red laser diodes outperform leds in photosynthesis and plant growth
topic indoor horticulture
red light
laser diode (LD)
photosynthesis
LED
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2025.1589279/full
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