The Complete Chloroplast Genome of the Vietnamese Endemic Species Aquilaria banaense P.H. Hô, 1986 (Thymelaeaceae): Structure, Evolution, and Phylogeny

ABSTRACT The genus Aquilaria (Thymelaeaceae) is renowned for producing agarwood, a highly valuable resinous product of significant economic and cultural value. Yet, many of its species, including the endemic Aquilaria banaense from Vietnam, face conservation challenges due to overexploitation. This...

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Main Authors: Yen Thi Van, Ngoc Bao Mach, Thanh‐Thuy Duong, Thang Nam Tran, Nguyen Van Minh, Tan Duy Ngoc Nguyen, Hoang Dang Khoa Do, Thiet Minh Vu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2025-07-01
Series:Ecology and Evolution
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.71708
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author Yen Thi Van
Ngoc Bao Mach
Thanh‐Thuy Duong
Thang Nam Tran
Nguyen Van Minh
Tan Duy Ngoc Nguyen
Hoang Dang Khoa Do
Thiet Minh Vu
author_facet Yen Thi Van
Ngoc Bao Mach
Thanh‐Thuy Duong
Thang Nam Tran
Nguyen Van Minh
Tan Duy Ngoc Nguyen
Hoang Dang Khoa Do
Thiet Minh Vu
author_sort Yen Thi Van
collection DOAJ
description ABSTRACT The genus Aquilaria (Thymelaeaceae) is renowned for producing agarwood, a highly valuable resinous product of significant economic and cultural value. Yet, many of its species, including the endemic Aquilaria banaense from Vietnam, face conservation challenges due to overexploitation. This study presents the first complete chloroplast (cp) genome of A. banaense to investigate its genome structure, evolutionary characteristics, and phylogenetic position. The cp genome of A. banaense was 174,810 bp, exhibiting a typical quadripartite structure with a large single‐copy (LSC) region (87,264 bp), a small single‐copy (SSC) region (3342 bp), and two inverted repeat (IR) regions (42,102 bp), encoding unique 79 protein‐coding genes, 30 tRNA genes, and four rRNA genes. Comparative analysis across Aquilaria species revealed conserved genomic features, including IR expansion into the SSC region, absence of clpP1 introns, alongside moderate nucleotide divergent regions (such as matK‐rps16, petN‐trnT‐GGU, rps4‐ndhJ, and ndhF‐rpl32) and a distinct accD variant in A. banaense. Phylogenetic reconstruction using whole cp genomes of 13 Aquilaria species placed A. banaense sister to mainland Southeast Asian species like A. crassna and A. subintegra, clearly separated from insular Southeast Asian groups. The correlation between phylogenetic structure and geographic distribution suggests that historical biogeography and ecological factors have driven lineage divergence in Aquilaria. These findings highlight the genetic distinctiveness of A. banaense and provide valuable genetic resources for species identification and conservation planning for this vulnerable species.
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spelling doaj-art-d1998ba66b624c838f592b68bd66e2ba2025-08-20T03:08:40ZengWileyEcology and Evolution2045-77582025-07-01157n/an/a10.1002/ece3.71708The Complete Chloroplast Genome of the Vietnamese Endemic Species Aquilaria banaense P.H. Hô, 1986 (Thymelaeaceae): Structure, Evolution, and PhylogenyYen Thi Van0Ngoc Bao Mach1Thanh‐Thuy Duong2Thang Nam Tran3Nguyen Van Minh4Tan Duy Ngoc Nguyen5Hoang Dang Khoa Do6Thiet Minh Vu7University of Agriculture and Forestry Hue University Hue City VietnamFunctional Genomic Research Center, NTT Hi‐Tech Institute Nguyen Tat Thanh University Ho Chi Minh City VietnamUniversity of Agriculture and Forestry Hue University Hue City VietnamUniversity of Agriculture and Forestry Hue University Hue City VietnamUniversity of Agriculture and Forestry Hue University Hue City VietnamUniversity of Agriculture and Forestry Hue University Hue City VietnamFunctional Genomic Research Center, NTT Hi‐Tech Institute Nguyen Tat Thanh University Ho Chi Minh City VietnamFunctional Genomic Research Center, NTT Hi‐Tech Institute Nguyen Tat Thanh University Ho Chi Minh City VietnamABSTRACT The genus Aquilaria (Thymelaeaceae) is renowned for producing agarwood, a highly valuable resinous product of significant economic and cultural value. Yet, many of its species, including the endemic Aquilaria banaense from Vietnam, face conservation challenges due to overexploitation. This study presents the first complete chloroplast (cp) genome of A. banaense to investigate its genome structure, evolutionary characteristics, and phylogenetic position. The cp genome of A. banaense was 174,810 bp, exhibiting a typical quadripartite structure with a large single‐copy (LSC) region (87,264 bp), a small single‐copy (SSC) region (3342 bp), and two inverted repeat (IR) regions (42,102 bp), encoding unique 79 protein‐coding genes, 30 tRNA genes, and four rRNA genes. Comparative analysis across Aquilaria species revealed conserved genomic features, including IR expansion into the SSC region, absence of clpP1 introns, alongside moderate nucleotide divergent regions (such as matK‐rps16, petN‐trnT‐GGU, rps4‐ndhJ, and ndhF‐rpl32) and a distinct accD variant in A. banaense. Phylogenetic reconstruction using whole cp genomes of 13 Aquilaria species placed A. banaense sister to mainland Southeast Asian species like A. crassna and A. subintegra, clearly separated from insular Southeast Asian groups. The correlation between phylogenetic structure and geographic distribution suggests that historical biogeography and ecological factors have driven lineage divergence in Aquilaria. These findings highlight the genetic distinctiveness of A. banaense and provide valuable genetic resources for species identification and conservation planning for this vulnerable species.https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.71708agarwoodAquilariacomparative genomicsgenetic conservationphylogeography
spellingShingle Yen Thi Van
Ngoc Bao Mach
Thanh‐Thuy Duong
Thang Nam Tran
Nguyen Van Minh
Tan Duy Ngoc Nguyen
Hoang Dang Khoa Do
Thiet Minh Vu
The Complete Chloroplast Genome of the Vietnamese Endemic Species Aquilaria banaense P.H. Hô, 1986 (Thymelaeaceae): Structure, Evolution, and Phylogeny
Ecology and Evolution
agarwood
Aquilaria
comparative genomics
genetic conservation
phylogeography
title The Complete Chloroplast Genome of the Vietnamese Endemic Species Aquilaria banaense P.H. Hô, 1986 (Thymelaeaceae): Structure, Evolution, and Phylogeny
title_full The Complete Chloroplast Genome of the Vietnamese Endemic Species Aquilaria banaense P.H. Hô, 1986 (Thymelaeaceae): Structure, Evolution, and Phylogeny
title_fullStr The Complete Chloroplast Genome of the Vietnamese Endemic Species Aquilaria banaense P.H. Hô, 1986 (Thymelaeaceae): Structure, Evolution, and Phylogeny
title_full_unstemmed The Complete Chloroplast Genome of the Vietnamese Endemic Species Aquilaria banaense P.H. Hô, 1986 (Thymelaeaceae): Structure, Evolution, and Phylogeny
title_short The Complete Chloroplast Genome of the Vietnamese Endemic Species Aquilaria banaense P.H. Hô, 1986 (Thymelaeaceae): Structure, Evolution, and Phylogeny
title_sort complete chloroplast genome of the vietnamese endemic species aquilaria banaense p h ho 1986 thymelaeaceae structure evolution and phylogeny
topic agarwood
Aquilaria
comparative genomics
genetic conservation
phylogeography
url https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.71708
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