Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment

Objective: The review aims to provide an overview of the pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, and treatment methods of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Mechanism: The etiology of PCOS is multifaceted, intricately intertwined with genetic determinants, dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-o...

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Main Authors: Hai Bai, Huanhuan Ding, Mingming Wang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: IMR Press 2024-05-01
Series:Clinical and Experimental Obstetrics & Gynecology
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Online Access:https://www.imrpress.com/journal/CEOG/51/5/10.31083/j.ceog5105126
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author Hai Bai
Huanhuan Ding
Mingming Wang
author_facet Hai Bai
Huanhuan Ding
Mingming Wang
author_sort Hai Bai
collection DOAJ
description Objective: The review aims to provide an overview of the pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, and treatment methods of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Mechanism: The etiology of PCOS is multifaceted, intricately intertwined with genetic determinants, dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis, adrenal androgen excess, ethnic predilections, insulin resistance, persistent inflammatory cascades, lifestyle variables, non-coding RNA (ncRNA), and oxidative stress manifestations. Findings in Brief: Advances in PCOS research have led to updated diagnostic criteria that focus on irregular menstruation, along with the introduction of new treatments such as glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) agonists and sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors. Additionally, innovative reproductive technologies like in vitro fertilization (IVF) with intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) are showing promise in improving fertility outcomes for PCOS patients. Genetic and epigenetic studies are uncovering potential for personalized therapeutic interventions. Individuals with PCOS face increased risks of complications during pregnancy, such as pregnancy-induced hypertension and multiple gestation complications. Such advancements underscore the significance of precise diagnosis, personalized treatment approaches, and interdisciplinary collaboration in managing PCOS effectively. Conclusions: This review undertakes a comprehensive scrutiny of contemporary PCOS studies, illuminating its clinical manifestations, underlying pathophysiological mechanisms, and evolving treatment modalities. Advocating for a patient-centric, evidence-driven approach is imperative in mitigating the adversities associated with PCOS and fostering holistic well-being.
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spelling doaj-art-d192bbcd96294526969bfad98ad54b322025-08-20T03:24:00ZengIMR PressClinical and Experimental Obstetrics & Gynecology0390-66632024-05-0151512610.31083/j.ceog5105126S0390-6663(24)02332-7Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): Symptoms, Causes, and TreatmentHai Bai0Huanhuan Ding1Mingming Wang2Institute of Applied Biotechnology, College of Agronomy and Life Science, Shanxi Datong University, 037009 Datong, Shanxi, ChinaDepartment of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xuzhou Medical University, 221009 Xuzhou, Jiangsu, ChinaDepartment of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xuzhou Medical University, 221009 Xuzhou, Jiangsu, ChinaObjective: The review aims to provide an overview of the pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, and treatment methods of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Mechanism: The etiology of PCOS is multifaceted, intricately intertwined with genetic determinants, dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis, adrenal androgen excess, ethnic predilections, insulin resistance, persistent inflammatory cascades, lifestyle variables, non-coding RNA (ncRNA), and oxidative stress manifestations. Findings in Brief: Advances in PCOS research have led to updated diagnostic criteria that focus on irregular menstruation, along with the introduction of new treatments such as glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) agonists and sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors. Additionally, innovative reproductive technologies like in vitro fertilization (IVF) with intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) are showing promise in improving fertility outcomes for PCOS patients. Genetic and epigenetic studies are uncovering potential for personalized therapeutic interventions. Individuals with PCOS face increased risks of complications during pregnancy, such as pregnancy-induced hypertension and multiple gestation complications. Such advancements underscore the significance of precise diagnosis, personalized treatment approaches, and interdisciplinary collaboration in managing PCOS effectively. Conclusions: This review undertakes a comprehensive scrutiny of contemporary PCOS studies, illuminating its clinical manifestations, underlying pathophysiological mechanisms, and evolving treatment modalities. Advocating for a patient-centric, evidence-driven approach is imperative in mitigating the adversities associated with PCOS and fostering holistic well-being.https://www.imrpress.com/journal/CEOG/51/5/10.31083/j.ceog5105126polycystic ovary syndrome (pcos)symptomscausestreatment
spellingShingle Hai Bai
Huanhuan Ding
Mingming Wang
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment
Clinical and Experimental Obstetrics & Gynecology
polycystic ovary syndrome (pcos)
symptoms
causes
treatment
title Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment
title_full Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment
title_fullStr Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment
title_full_unstemmed Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment
title_short Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment
title_sort polycystic ovary syndrome pcos symptoms causes and treatment
topic polycystic ovary syndrome (pcos)
symptoms
causes
treatment
url https://www.imrpress.com/journal/CEOG/51/5/10.31083/j.ceog5105126
work_keys_str_mv AT haibai polycysticovarysyndromepcossymptomscausesandtreatment
AT huanhuanding polycysticovarysyndromepcossymptomscausesandtreatment
AT mingmingwang polycysticovarysyndromepcossymptomscausesandtreatment