The vitamin D status of prison inmates.
<h4>Introduction</h4>There is no comprehensive, systematic analysis of the vitamin D status of prisoners in the scientific literature.<h4>Objective</h4>To investigate the vitamin D status and its determinants in US prison inmates.<h4>Hypothesis</h4>Given the unifo...
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Public Library of Science (PLoS)
2014-01-01
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| Series: | PLoS ONE |
| Online Access: | https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0090623&type=printable |
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| author | Benjamin Udoka Nwosu Louise Maranda Rosalie Berry Barbara Colocino Carlos D Flores Kerry Folkman Thomas Groblewski Patricia Ruze |
| author_facet | Benjamin Udoka Nwosu Louise Maranda Rosalie Berry Barbara Colocino Carlos D Flores Kerry Folkman Thomas Groblewski Patricia Ruze |
| author_sort | Benjamin Udoka Nwosu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <h4>Introduction</h4>There is no comprehensive, systematic analysis of the vitamin D status of prisoners in the scientific literature.<h4>Objective</h4>To investigate the vitamin D status and its determinants in US prison inmates.<h4>Hypothesis</h4>Given the uniformity of dietary intake amongst inmates, vitamin D status will be determined by non-dietary factors such as skin pigmentation, security level-, and the duration of incarceration.<h4>Subjects and methods</h4>A retrospective study of 526 inmates (males, n=502, age 48.6 ± 12.5 years; females, n=24, age 44.1 ± 12.2) in Massachusetts prisons. Vitamin D sufficiency, insufficiency, and deficiency were respectively defined as a 25(OH)D concentration 75 nmol/L; 50 to 75 nmol/L; and <50 nmol/L. The Massachusetts Department of Correction Statement of Nutritional Adequacy stated that each inmate received the recommended daily allowance of vitamin D daily. Security level of incarceration was designated as minimum, medium, and maximum. Racial groups were categorized as Black, white, Asian, and Others.<h4>Results</h4>Serum 25(OH)D levels peaked in summer and autumn, and decreased in winter and spring. Vitamin D deficiency occurred in 50.5% of blacks, 29.3% of whites, and 14.3% of Asian inmates (p=0.007). Black inmates had significantly lower serum 25(OH)D level than white inmates at the maximum security level (p=0.015), medium security level (p=0.001), but not at the minimum security level (p=0.40). After adjusting for covariates black inmates at a maximum security level had a four-fold higher risk for vitamin D deficiency than white inmates at the same security level (OR 3.9 [95% CI 1.3-11.7].<h4>Conclusions</h4>The vitamin D status of prison inmates is determined by skin pigmentation, seasons, and the security level of incarceration. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-d18d1afaf993449c8ae51282f65d77a1 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 1932-6203 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2014-01-01 |
| publisher | Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| record_format | Article |
| series | PLoS ONE |
| spelling | doaj-art-d18d1afaf993449c8ae51282f65d77a12025-08-20T03:01:11ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS ONE1932-62032014-01-0193e9062310.1371/journal.pone.0090623The vitamin D status of prison inmates.Benjamin Udoka NwosuLouise MarandaRosalie BerryBarbara ColocinoCarlos D FloresKerry FolkmanThomas GroblewskiPatricia Ruze<h4>Introduction</h4>There is no comprehensive, systematic analysis of the vitamin D status of prisoners in the scientific literature.<h4>Objective</h4>To investigate the vitamin D status and its determinants in US prison inmates.<h4>Hypothesis</h4>Given the uniformity of dietary intake amongst inmates, vitamin D status will be determined by non-dietary factors such as skin pigmentation, security level-, and the duration of incarceration.<h4>Subjects and methods</h4>A retrospective study of 526 inmates (males, n=502, age 48.6 ± 12.5 years; females, n=24, age 44.1 ± 12.2) in Massachusetts prisons. Vitamin D sufficiency, insufficiency, and deficiency were respectively defined as a 25(OH)D concentration 75 nmol/L; 50 to 75 nmol/L; and <50 nmol/L. The Massachusetts Department of Correction Statement of Nutritional Adequacy stated that each inmate received the recommended daily allowance of vitamin D daily. Security level of incarceration was designated as minimum, medium, and maximum. Racial groups were categorized as Black, white, Asian, and Others.<h4>Results</h4>Serum 25(OH)D levels peaked in summer and autumn, and decreased in winter and spring. Vitamin D deficiency occurred in 50.5% of blacks, 29.3% of whites, and 14.3% of Asian inmates (p=0.007). Black inmates had significantly lower serum 25(OH)D level than white inmates at the maximum security level (p=0.015), medium security level (p=0.001), but not at the minimum security level (p=0.40). After adjusting for covariates black inmates at a maximum security level had a four-fold higher risk for vitamin D deficiency than white inmates at the same security level (OR 3.9 [95% CI 1.3-11.7].<h4>Conclusions</h4>The vitamin D status of prison inmates is determined by skin pigmentation, seasons, and the security level of incarceration.https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0090623&type=printable |
| spellingShingle | Benjamin Udoka Nwosu Louise Maranda Rosalie Berry Barbara Colocino Carlos D Flores Kerry Folkman Thomas Groblewski Patricia Ruze The vitamin D status of prison inmates. PLoS ONE |
| title | The vitamin D status of prison inmates. |
| title_full | The vitamin D status of prison inmates. |
| title_fullStr | The vitamin D status of prison inmates. |
| title_full_unstemmed | The vitamin D status of prison inmates. |
| title_short | The vitamin D status of prison inmates. |
| title_sort | vitamin d status of prison inmates |
| url | https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0090623&type=printable |
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