An exploration of the ocular mysteries linking nanoparticles to the patho-therapeutic effects against keratitis

Abstract Microbial keratitis, a sight-threatening corneal infection, remains a significant global health concern. Conventional therapies using antimicrobial agents often suffers from limitations such as poor drug penetration, side effects, and occurrence of drug resistance, with poor prognosis. Nove...

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Main Authors: Siying Qu, Shuihua Zheng, Sibtain Muhammad, Liang Huang, Bing Guo
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-03-01
Series:Journal of Nanobiotechnology
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12951-025-03230-3
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author Siying Qu
Shuihua Zheng
Sibtain Muhammad
Liang Huang
Bing Guo
author_facet Siying Qu
Shuihua Zheng
Sibtain Muhammad
Liang Huang
Bing Guo
author_sort Siying Qu
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Microbial keratitis, a sight-threatening corneal infection, remains a significant global health concern. Conventional therapies using antimicrobial agents often suffers from limitations such as poor drug penetration, side effects, and occurrence of drug resistance, with poor prognosis. Novel treatment techniques, with their unique properties and targeted delivery capabilities, offers a promising solution to overcome these challenges. This review delves into timely update of the state-of-the-art advance therapeutics for keratitis treatment. The diverse microbial origins of keratitis, including viral, bacterial, and fungal infections, exploring their complex pathogenic mechanisms, followed by the drug resistance mechanisms in keratitis pathogens are reviewed briefly. Importantly, the emerging therapeutic techniques for keratitis treatment including piezodynamic therapy, photothermal therapy, photodynamic therapy, nanoenzyme therapy, and metal ion therapy are summarized in this review showcasing their potential to overcome the limitations of traditional treatments. The challenges and future directions for advance therapies and nanotechnology-based approaches are discussed, focusing on safety, targeting strategies, drug resistance, and combination therapies. This review aims to inspire researchers to revolutionize and accelerate the development of functional materials using different therapies for keratitis treatment. Graphical abstract
format Article
id doaj-art-d17487de8e8943feadfd55f5dc2fc0f3
institution DOAJ
issn 1477-3155
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publishDate 2025-03-01
publisher BMC
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series Journal of Nanobiotechnology
spelling doaj-art-d17487de8e8943feadfd55f5dc2fc0f32025-08-20T03:05:45ZengBMCJournal of Nanobiotechnology1477-31552025-03-0123113210.1186/s12951-025-03230-3An exploration of the ocular mysteries linking nanoparticles to the patho-therapeutic effects against keratitisSiying Qu0Shuihua Zheng1Sibtain Muhammad2Liang Huang3Bing Guo4Zhuhai Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western MedicineZhuhai Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western MedicineSchool of Science, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Carbon Materials Research and Comprehensive Application, Harbin Institute of TechnologyZhuhai Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western MedicineSchool of Science, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Carbon Materials Research and Comprehensive Application, Harbin Institute of TechnologyAbstract Microbial keratitis, a sight-threatening corneal infection, remains a significant global health concern. Conventional therapies using antimicrobial agents often suffers from limitations such as poor drug penetration, side effects, and occurrence of drug resistance, with poor prognosis. Novel treatment techniques, with their unique properties and targeted delivery capabilities, offers a promising solution to overcome these challenges. This review delves into timely update of the state-of-the-art advance therapeutics for keratitis treatment. The diverse microbial origins of keratitis, including viral, bacterial, and fungal infections, exploring their complex pathogenic mechanisms, followed by the drug resistance mechanisms in keratitis pathogens are reviewed briefly. Importantly, the emerging therapeutic techniques for keratitis treatment including piezodynamic therapy, photothermal therapy, photodynamic therapy, nanoenzyme therapy, and metal ion therapy are summarized in this review showcasing their potential to overcome the limitations of traditional treatments. The challenges and future directions for advance therapies and nanotechnology-based approaches are discussed, focusing on safety, targeting strategies, drug resistance, and combination therapies. This review aims to inspire researchers to revolutionize and accelerate the development of functional materials using different therapies for keratitis treatment. Graphical abstracthttps://doi.org/10.1186/s12951-025-03230-3KeratitisDrug deliveryMicrobial infectionAdvance therapiesDrug resistance
spellingShingle Siying Qu
Shuihua Zheng
Sibtain Muhammad
Liang Huang
Bing Guo
An exploration of the ocular mysteries linking nanoparticles to the patho-therapeutic effects against keratitis
Journal of Nanobiotechnology
Keratitis
Drug delivery
Microbial infection
Advance therapies
Drug resistance
title An exploration of the ocular mysteries linking nanoparticles to the patho-therapeutic effects against keratitis
title_full An exploration of the ocular mysteries linking nanoparticles to the patho-therapeutic effects against keratitis
title_fullStr An exploration of the ocular mysteries linking nanoparticles to the patho-therapeutic effects against keratitis
title_full_unstemmed An exploration of the ocular mysteries linking nanoparticles to the patho-therapeutic effects against keratitis
title_short An exploration of the ocular mysteries linking nanoparticles to the patho-therapeutic effects against keratitis
title_sort exploration of the ocular mysteries linking nanoparticles to the patho therapeutic effects against keratitis
topic Keratitis
Drug delivery
Microbial infection
Advance therapies
Drug resistance
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12951-025-03230-3
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