Altitude Distribution Patterns and Driving Factors of Rhizosphere Soil Microbial Diversity in the Mountainous and Hilly Region of Southwest, China

The distribution characteristics of the microbial community in rhizosphere soils of different altitudinal gradients were explored to uncover ecological factors affecting microbial community composition. In this study, the community variations of bacteria and fungi in the rhizosphere soil of <i>...

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Main Authors: Yanlin Li, Yonggang Wang, Yunpeng Liu, Yangyang Chen, Shuangrong Yang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-10-01
Series:Agronomy
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/14/10/2441
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author Yanlin Li
Yonggang Wang
Yunpeng Liu
Yangyang Chen
Shuangrong Yang
author_facet Yanlin Li
Yonggang Wang
Yunpeng Liu
Yangyang Chen
Shuangrong Yang
author_sort Yanlin Li
collection DOAJ
description The distribution characteristics of the microbial community in rhizosphere soils of different altitudinal gradients were explored to uncover ecological factors affecting microbial community composition. In this study, the community variations of bacteria and fungi in the rhizosphere soil of <i>Chrysanthemum indicum</i> L. were analyzed. Samples were distributed along an altitudinal gradient of 300–1500 m above sea level in the Fuling watershed of the Three Gorges Reservoir area, China. The analysis was conducted using Illumina MiSeq high-throughput sequencing and bioinformatics analyses. Through correlation analysis with ecological factors, the altitude distribution pattern and driving factors of soil microbial diversity in the mountainous and hilly region of Chongqing were explored. According to the results, the richness and diversity of rhizosphere soil bacteria increased with altitude, while fungi were the richest and most diverse at an altitude of 900 m. The composition of the microbial community differed among different altitudes. Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, Acidobacteriota, Chloroflexi, Bacteroidota, Ascomycota, unclassified_k_Fungi, Basidiomycota, and Mortierellomycota dominated the microbial community in rhizosphere soil. Correlation analysis showed that the distribution of rhizosphere soil microbial communities correlated with soil ecological factors at different altitudes. Moisture, pH, total nitrogen, total potassium, available potassium, urease, and catalase were significantly positively correlated with rhizosphere soil bacterial α-diversity, while their correlations with fungi were not significant. Variation partition analysis showed that the combined effects of soil physical and chemical factors, enzyme activity, and microbial quantity regulated bacterial community structure and composition. Their combined contributions (19.21%) were lower than the individual effects of soil physical and chemical factors (48.49%), enzyme activity (53.24%), and microbial quantity (60.38%). The effects of ecological factors on fungal communities differed: While the soil physical and chemical factors (44.43%) alone had a clear effect on fungal community structures, their combined contributions had no apparent effect. The results of this study not only contribute to a deeper understanding of the impact mechanism of altitude gradient on the diversity of rhizosphere soil microbial communities, but also provide a scientific basis for the protection and management of mountainous and hilly ecosystems. It lays a foundation for the future exploration of the relationship between microbial communities and plant–soil interactions.
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spelling doaj-art-d14b34410138439ca163beb67f5dbdfd2025-08-20T02:11:11ZengMDPI AGAgronomy2073-43952024-10-011410244110.3390/agronomy14102441Altitude Distribution Patterns and Driving Factors of Rhizosphere Soil Microbial Diversity in the Mountainous and Hilly Region of Southwest, ChinaYanlin Li0Yonggang Wang1Yunpeng Liu2Yangyang Chen3Shuangrong Yang4Chongqing Key Laboratory for Resource Utilization of Heavy Metal Wastewater, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Yongchuan, Chongqing 402160, ChinaSchool of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Qilihe District, Lanzhou 730050, ChinaChongqing Key Laboratory for Resource Utilization of Heavy Metal Wastewater, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Yongchuan, Chongqing 402160, ChinaChongqing Key Laboratory for Resource Utilization of Heavy Metal Wastewater, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Yongchuan, Chongqing 402160, ChinaChongqing Key Laboratory for Resource Utilization of Heavy Metal Wastewater, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Yongchuan, Chongqing 402160, ChinaThe distribution characteristics of the microbial community in rhizosphere soils of different altitudinal gradients were explored to uncover ecological factors affecting microbial community composition. In this study, the community variations of bacteria and fungi in the rhizosphere soil of <i>Chrysanthemum indicum</i> L. were analyzed. Samples were distributed along an altitudinal gradient of 300–1500 m above sea level in the Fuling watershed of the Three Gorges Reservoir area, China. The analysis was conducted using Illumina MiSeq high-throughput sequencing and bioinformatics analyses. Through correlation analysis with ecological factors, the altitude distribution pattern and driving factors of soil microbial diversity in the mountainous and hilly region of Chongqing were explored. According to the results, the richness and diversity of rhizosphere soil bacteria increased with altitude, while fungi were the richest and most diverse at an altitude of 900 m. The composition of the microbial community differed among different altitudes. Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, Acidobacteriota, Chloroflexi, Bacteroidota, Ascomycota, unclassified_k_Fungi, Basidiomycota, and Mortierellomycota dominated the microbial community in rhizosphere soil. Correlation analysis showed that the distribution of rhizosphere soil microbial communities correlated with soil ecological factors at different altitudes. Moisture, pH, total nitrogen, total potassium, available potassium, urease, and catalase were significantly positively correlated with rhizosphere soil bacterial α-diversity, while their correlations with fungi were not significant. Variation partition analysis showed that the combined effects of soil physical and chemical factors, enzyme activity, and microbial quantity regulated bacterial community structure and composition. Their combined contributions (19.21%) were lower than the individual effects of soil physical and chemical factors (48.49%), enzyme activity (53.24%), and microbial quantity (60.38%). The effects of ecological factors on fungal communities differed: While the soil physical and chemical factors (44.43%) alone had a clear effect on fungal community structures, their combined contributions had no apparent effect. The results of this study not only contribute to a deeper understanding of the impact mechanism of altitude gradient on the diversity of rhizosphere soil microbial communities, but also provide a scientific basis for the protection and management of mountainous and hilly ecosystems. It lays a foundation for the future exploration of the relationship between microbial communities and plant–soil interactions.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/14/10/2441altitudinal gradientdriving factorsrhizosphere soil microbiotacommunity diversitymountainous and hilly region
spellingShingle Yanlin Li
Yonggang Wang
Yunpeng Liu
Yangyang Chen
Shuangrong Yang
Altitude Distribution Patterns and Driving Factors of Rhizosphere Soil Microbial Diversity in the Mountainous and Hilly Region of Southwest, China
Agronomy
altitudinal gradient
driving factors
rhizosphere soil microbiota
community diversity
mountainous and hilly region
title Altitude Distribution Patterns and Driving Factors of Rhizosphere Soil Microbial Diversity in the Mountainous and Hilly Region of Southwest, China
title_full Altitude Distribution Patterns and Driving Factors of Rhizosphere Soil Microbial Diversity in the Mountainous and Hilly Region of Southwest, China
title_fullStr Altitude Distribution Patterns and Driving Factors of Rhizosphere Soil Microbial Diversity in the Mountainous and Hilly Region of Southwest, China
title_full_unstemmed Altitude Distribution Patterns and Driving Factors of Rhizosphere Soil Microbial Diversity in the Mountainous and Hilly Region of Southwest, China
title_short Altitude Distribution Patterns and Driving Factors of Rhizosphere Soil Microbial Diversity in the Mountainous and Hilly Region of Southwest, China
title_sort altitude distribution patterns and driving factors of rhizosphere soil microbial diversity in the mountainous and hilly region of southwest china
topic altitudinal gradient
driving factors
rhizosphere soil microbiota
community diversity
mountainous and hilly region
url https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/14/10/2441
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