Perceived Brightness and Resolution of Holographic Augmented Reality Retinal Scan Glasses

Augmented reality display performance depends strongly on features of the human visual system. This is especially true for retinal scan glasses, which use laser beam scanning and transparent holographic optical combiners. Human-centered approaches allow us to go beyond conventional optical metrology...

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Main Authors: Maximilian Rutz, Pia Neuberger, Simon Pick, Torsten Straßer
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-02-01
Series:Applied Sciences
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/3/1540
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author Maximilian Rutz
Pia Neuberger
Simon Pick
Torsten Straßer
author_facet Maximilian Rutz
Pia Neuberger
Simon Pick
Torsten Straßer
author_sort Maximilian Rutz
collection DOAJ
description Augmented reality display performance depends strongly on features of the human visual system. This is especially true for retinal scan glasses, which use laser beam scanning and transparent holographic optical combiners. Human-centered approaches allow us to go beyond conventional optical metrology and evaluate display performance as it is perceived in actual augmented reality use cases. Here, we first present a theoretical formula for the retinal scan luminance and ambient contrast ratio calculated from optical powers, wavelengths, field of view, and human pupil diameter. As a promising insight, we found that the pupil diameter dependence is beneficial in assimilating the virtual image luminance to the ambient luminance. Second, we designed and performed a psychophysical experiment to assess perceived resolution in augmented reality settings using a fully functional retinal scan glasses prototype. We present the results of the trials and illustrate how this approach can be used in the further development of augmented reality smart glasses.
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spelling doaj-art-d145f111affc4ae0aa00fab20f2a24942025-08-20T02:12:24ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172025-02-01153154010.3390/app15031540Perceived Brightness and Resolution of Holographic Augmented Reality Retinal Scan GlassesMaximilian Rutz0Pia Neuberger1Simon Pick2Torsten Straßer3Institute for Ophthalmic Research, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, GermanyBosch Sensortec GmbH, 72770 Reutlingen, GermanyBosch Sensortec GmbH, 72770 Reutlingen, GermanyInstitute for Ophthalmic Research, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, GermanyAugmented reality display performance depends strongly on features of the human visual system. This is especially true for retinal scan glasses, which use laser beam scanning and transparent holographic optical combiners. Human-centered approaches allow us to go beyond conventional optical metrology and evaluate display performance as it is perceived in actual augmented reality use cases. Here, we first present a theoretical formula for the retinal scan luminance and ambient contrast ratio calculated from optical powers, wavelengths, field of view, and human pupil diameter. As a promising insight, we found that the pupil diameter dependence is beneficial in assimilating the virtual image luminance to the ambient luminance. Second, we designed and performed a psychophysical experiment to assess perceived resolution in augmented reality settings using a fully functional retinal scan glasses prototype. We present the results of the trials and illustrate how this approach can be used in the further development of augmented reality smart glasses.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/3/1540augmented realitysmart glassesphotometrydisplay metrologyperceptionpsychophysics
spellingShingle Maximilian Rutz
Pia Neuberger
Simon Pick
Torsten Straßer
Perceived Brightness and Resolution of Holographic Augmented Reality Retinal Scan Glasses
Applied Sciences
augmented reality
smart glasses
photometry
display metrology
perception
psychophysics
title Perceived Brightness and Resolution of Holographic Augmented Reality Retinal Scan Glasses
title_full Perceived Brightness and Resolution of Holographic Augmented Reality Retinal Scan Glasses
title_fullStr Perceived Brightness and Resolution of Holographic Augmented Reality Retinal Scan Glasses
title_full_unstemmed Perceived Brightness and Resolution of Holographic Augmented Reality Retinal Scan Glasses
title_short Perceived Brightness and Resolution of Holographic Augmented Reality Retinal Scan Glasses
title_sort perceived brightness and resolution of holographic augmented reality retinal scan glasses
topic augmented reality
smart glasses
photometry
display metrology
perception
psychophysics
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/3/1540
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AT torstenstraßer perceivedbrightnessandresolutionofholographicaugmentedrealityretinalscanglasses