Influence of gold and blue heat treatments on mechanical properties and phase transformation behavior of flat-designed rotary instruments
Objective: To evaluate the mechanical properties and austenite phase transformation temperature of flat-designed rotary instruments manufactured with gold and blue heat treatments. Material and Methods: A total of 60 rotary instruments with a flat design 25.04 with gold (Flat File 25.04 – MK Life,...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Universidade Estadual Paulista
2025-07-01
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| Series: | Brazilian Dental Science |
| Online Access: | https://ojs.ict.unesp.br/index.php/cob/article/view/4638 |
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| author | Anne Rafaella Tenório Vieira Guilherme Ferreira da Silva Pablo Andrés Amoroso-Silva Rodrigo Ricci Vivan Thaine Oliveira Lima Maria Carolina Guiotti de Oliveira Marco Antonio Hungaro Duarte Murilo Priori Alcalde |
| author_facet | Anne Rafaella Tenório Vieira Guilherme Ferreira da Silva Pablo Andrés Amoroso-Silva Rodrigo Ricci Vivan Thaine Oliveira Lima Maria Carolina Guiotti de Oliveira Marco Antonio Hungaro Duarte Murilo Priori Alcalde |
| author_sort | Anne Rafaella Tenório Vieira |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description |
Objective: To evaluate the mechanical properties and austenite phase transformation temperature of flat-designed rotary instruments manufactured with gold and blue heat treatments. Material and Methods: A total of 60 rotary instruments with a flat design 25.04 with gold (Flat File 25.04 – MK Life, Brazil) and blue (Prototype 25.04 - MK Life, Brazil) heat treatments were used for cyclic fatigue, torsional fatigue, and bending tests (n=30). The cyclic fatigue test was conducted in an artificial canal with a curvature of 60° and a radius of 5 mm (n=10). The torsion test was conducted to evaluate the torque (N.cm) and angular deflection (°) required for fracture (n=10). Finally, the 60° bending test evaluated the force (g.f) required to flexion the instruments at the 5 mm tip (n=10). Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) analysis was performed to establish the initial (Ai) and final (Af) austenitic transformation temperatures. The data were statistically analyzed using the Kolmogorov- Smirnov test for normality and the unpaired t-test, with a significance level of 5%. Results: The cyclic fatigue test showed that Flat 25.04 gold instruments had significantly greater cyclic fatigue resistance (p<0.05). The torsion test revealed that Flat 25.04 gold instruments exhibited lower maximum torque (N.cm) and greater angular deflection (°) (P<0.05). The bending test showed that the gold instrument required less force (P<0.05). DSC analysis demonstrated that the gold heat treatment had a higher Af temperature (42.8 °C) compared to the blue treatment (32.2 °C). Conclusion: The different heat treatments impacted in phase transformation temperatures and on the mechanical properties of the instruments.
KEYWORDS
Cyclic fatigue; Endodontics; Flat design; Nickel-Titanium; Torsional fatigue.
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| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-d14391ae5bb54465b2e5f0a181582a13 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2178-6011 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | Universidade Estadual Paulista |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Brazilian Dental Science |
| spelling | doaj-art-d14391ae5bb54465b2e5f0a181582a132025-08-21T13:50:33ZengUniversidade Estadual PaulistaBrazilian Dental Science2178-60112025-07-0128210.4322/bds.2025.e4638Influence of gold and blue heat treatments on mechanical properties and phase transformation behavior of flat-designed rotary instrumentsAnne Rafaella Tenório Vieira0https://orcid.org/0009-0002-4033-8818Guilherme Ferreira da Silva1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3271-541XPablo Andrés Amoroso-Silva2https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5112-6162Rodrigo Ricci Vivan3https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0419-5699Thaine Oliveira Lima4https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5220-9947Maria Carolina Guiotti de Oliveira5https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0073-005XMarco Antonio Hungaro Duarte6https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3051-737XMurilo Priori Alcalde7https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8735-065XUniversidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Departamento de Dentística, Endodontia e Materiais Odontológicos. Bauru, SP, Brazil.Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Departamento de Dentística, Endodontia e Materiais Odontológicos. Bauru, SP, Brazil.Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Departamento de Odontologia Restauradora. Londrina, PR, Brazil.Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Departamento de Dentística, Endodontia e Materiais Odontológicos. Bauru, SP, Brazil.Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Departamento de Dentística, Endodontia e Materiais Odontológicos. Bauru, SP, Brazil.Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Departamento de Dentística, Endodontia e Materiais Odontológicos. Bauru, SP, Brazil.Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Departamento de Dentística, Endodontia e Materiais Odontológicos. Bauru, SP, Brazil.Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Departamento de Dentística, Endodontia e Materiais Odontológicos. Bauru, SP, Brazil. Objective: To evaluate the mechanical properties and austenite phase transformation temperature of flat-designed rotary instruments manufactured with gold and blue heat treatments. Material and Methods: A total of 60 rotary instruments with a flat design 25.04 with gold (Flat File 25.04 – MK Life, Brazil) and blue (Prototype 25.04 - MK Life, Brazil) heat treatments were used for cyclic fatigue, torsional fatigue, and bending tests (n=30). The cyclic fatigue test was conducted in an artificial canal with a curvature of 60° and a radius of 5 mm (n=10). The torsion test was conducted to evaluate the torque (N.cm) and angular deflection (°) required for fracture (n=10). Finally, the 60° bending test evaluated the force (g.f) required to flexion the instruments at the 5 mm tip (n=10). Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) analysis was performed to establish the initial (Ai) and final (Af) austenitic transformation temperatures. The data were statistically analyzed using the Kolmogorov- Smirnov test for normality and the unpaired t-test, with a significance level of 5%. Results: The cyclic fatigue test showed that Flat 25.04 gold instruments had significantly greater cyclic fatigue resistance (p<0.05). The torsion test revealed that Flat 25.04 gold instruments exhibited lower maximum torque (N.cm) and greater angular deflection (°) (P<0.05). The bending test showed that the gold instrument required less force (P<0.05). DSC analysis demonstrated that the gold heat treatment had a higher Af temperature (42.8 °C) compared to the blue treatment (32.2 °C). Conclusion: The different heat treatments impacted in phase transformation temperatures and on the mechanical properties of the instruments. KEYWORDS Cyclic fatigue; Endodontics; Flat design; Nickel-Titanium; Torsional fatigue. https://ojs.ict.unesp.br/index.php/cob/article/view/4638 |
| spellingShingle | Anne Rafaella Tenório Vieira Guilherme Ferreira da Silva Pablo Andrés Amoroso-Silva Rodrigo Ricci Vivan Thaine Oliveira Lima Maria Carolina Guiotti de Oliveira Marco Antonio Hungaro Duarte Murilo Priori Alcalde Influence of gold and blue heat treatments on mechanical properties and phase transformation behavior of flat-designed rotary instruments Brazilian Dental Science |
| title | Influence of gold and blue heat treatments on mechanical properties and phase transformation behavior of flat-designed rotary instruments |
| title_full | Influence of gold and blue heat treatments on mechanical properties and phase transformation behavior of flat-designed rotary instruments |
| title_fullStr | Influence of gold and blue heat treatments on mechanical properties and phase transformation behavior of flat-designed rotary instruments |
| title_full_unstemmed | Influence of gold and blue heat treatments on mechanical properties and phase transformation behavior of flat-designed rotary instruments |
| title_short | Influence of gold and blue heat treatments on mechanical properties and phase transformation behavior of flat-designed rotary instruments |
| title_sort | influence of gold and blue heat treatments on mechanical properties and phase transformation behavior of flat designed rotary instruments |
| url | https://ojs.ict.unesp.br/index.php/cob/article/view/4638 |
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