Six-legged-bound: a newly described insect gait

Locomotor behaviour is a hallmark of animal biology and ecology. Mole crickets constitute a unique group of subterranean insects that present extreme morphological and behavioural adaptations. They therefore present a valuable model for locomotion-related research. Despite their remarkable leg-morph...

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Main Authors: Avi Amir, O. Yuval, Amir Ayali
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: The Royal Society 2025-06-01
Series:Royal Society Open Science
Subjects:
Online Access:https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsos.250143
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author Avi Amir
O. Yuval
Amir Ayali
author_facet Avi Amir
O. Yuval
Amir Ayali
author_sort Avi Amir
collection DOAJ
description Locomotor behaviour is a hallmark of animal biology and ecology. Mole crickets constitute a unique group of subterranean insects that present extreme morphological and behavioural adaptations. They therefore present a valuable model for locomotion-related research. Despite their remarkable leg-morphology adaptations, mole crickets mostly demonstrate the common insect double-tripod gait for locomotion. Here we report, however, that in response to an aversive stimulus from the front, the mole cricket will consistently adopt a unique backwards gait that we have termed ‘backward-bound’. Our temporal and spatial analysis shows that this previously unreported six-legged gait comprises a cyclic alternation between the middle and hind-leg pairs with rarely observed (in insects) left–right in-phase synchronization, while the front legs display noisy and less-consistent phase dynamics. This exceptional gait is transient and is replaced by regular backwards walking after several cycles. It is employed to distance the animal quickly from danger. A gait that can be characterized as ‘forward-bound’ is also displayed by the mole cricket, albeit for a much shorter duration (up to two cycles).
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spelling doaj-art-d14277f5f30740aea2a76d913496bbd52025-08-20T03:23:57ZengThe Royal SocietyRoyal Society Open Science2054-57032025-06-0112610.1098/rsos.250143Six-legged-bound: a newly described insect gaitAvi Amir0O. Yuval1Amir Ayali2School of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, IsraelSchool of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, IsraelSchool of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, IsraelLocomotor behaviour is a hallmark of animal biology and ecology. Mole crickets constitute a unique group of subterranean insects that present extreme morphological and behavioural adaptations. They therefore present a valuable model for locomotion-related research. Despite their remarkable leg-morphology adaptations, mole crickets mostly demonstrate the common insect double-tripod gait for locomotion. Here we report, however, that in response to an aversive stimulus from the front, the mole cricket will consistently adopt a unique backwards gait that we have termed ‘backward-bound’. Our temporal and spatial analysis shows that this previously unreported six-legged gait comprises a cyclic alternation between the middle and hind-leg pairs with rarely observed (in insects) left–right in-phase synchronization, while the front legs display noisy and less-consistent phase dynamics. This exceptional gait is transient and is replaced by regular backwards walking after several cycles. It is employed to distance the animal quickly from danger. A gait that can be characterized as ‘forward-bound’ is also displayed by the mole cricket, albeit for a much shorter duration (up to two cycles).https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsos.250143insectsgaitsmole cricketlocomotionin-phase synchronization
spellingShingle Avi Amir
O. Yuval
Amir Ayali
Six-legged-bound: a newly described insect gait
Royal Society Open Science
insects
gaits
mole cricket
locomotion
in-phase synchronization
title Six-legged-bound: a newly described insect gait
title_full Six-legged-bound: a newly described insect gait
title_fullStr Six-legged-bound: a newly described insect gait
title_full_unstemmed Six-legged-bound: a newly described insect gait
title_short Six-legged-bound: a newly described insect gait
title_sort six legged bound a newly described insect gait
topic insects
gaits
mole cricket
locomotion
in-phase synchronization
url https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsos.250143
work_keys_str_mv AT aviamir sixleggedboundanewlydescribedinsectgait
AT oyuval sixleggedboundanewlydescribedinsectgait
AT amirayali sixleggedboundanewlydescribedinsectgait