Does weightbearing status impact mortality and other complications in hip fracture patients when accounting for frailty?

Aims: The aim of this study was to analyze the risk of mortality and other postoperative complications following restricted weightbearing in geriatric patients who undergo fixation of a hip fracture, while accurately controlling for patient frailty. Methods: The National Surgical Quality Improvement...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Makoa Mau, Tyler Thorne, Kai Rossbach, Eleanor H. Sato, Chong Zhang, Angela P. Presson, Justin M. Haller
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: The British Editorial Society of Bone & Joint Surgery 2025-07-01
Series:Bone & Joint Open
Subjects:
Online Access:https://online.boneandjoint.org.uk/doi/epdf/10.1302/2633-1462.67.BJO-2025-0059.R1
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1849411383116955648
author Makoa Mau
Tyler Thorne
Kai Rossbach
Eleanor H. Sato
Chong Zhang
Angela P. Presson
Justin M. Haller
author_facet Makoa Mau
Tyler Thorne
Kai Rossbach
Eleanor H. Sato
Chong Zhang
Angela P. Presson
Justin M. Haller
author_sort Makoa Mau
collection DOAJ
description Aims: The aim of this study was to analyze the risk of mortality and other postoperative complications following restricted weightbearing in geriatric patients who undergo fixation of a hip fracture, while accurately controlling for patient frailty. Methods: The National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) database January 2016 to December 2020 was queried for operatively treated hip fractures in patients aged ≥ 60 years using Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes (n = 53,959). Logistic regressions and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis were conducted to determine the frailty measure which best predicts 30-day mortality among American Society of Anesthesiologists grade (ASA), five-factor modified Fraility Index (mFI-5), and Risk Analysis Index Recalibrated Version (RAI-Rev). The effect of weightbearing on 30-day mortality, and severe (SAE) and minor (MAE) adverse events, was assessed using logistic regressions while controlling for the selected frailty measure and other relevant patient characteristics. Results: A total of 53,959 patients met the inclusion criteria, and 36,177 patients (67%) were weightbearing as tolerated postoperatively. Under ROC curve, the only discriminatory performance was by RAI-Rev in 30-day mortality. Controlling for RAI-Rev, age, sex, BMI, functional status, and CPT, weightbearing patients had a 42% lower odds of 30-day mortality (p < 0.001), a 31% lower odds of a SAE (p < 0.001), and a 24% lower odds of a MAE (p < 0.001) in comparison to non-weightbearing patients. Conclusion: Geriatric hip fractures are prevalent in patients with varying degrees of health. RAI-Rev is a better predictor of postoperative mortality than ASA grade and mFI-5, and should be used in evaluating the risk of geriatric hip fractures. Postoperative weightbearing is associated with significant reductions in complications for geriatric hip fracture patients, even while controlling for frailty. Our findings suggest that postoperative weightbearing after surgical fixation of geriatric hip fractures should be encouraged for able patients. Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2025;6(7):785–795.
format Article
id doaj-art-d141095941dd45e59ff6bd6354eae2b1
institution Kabale University
issn 2633-1462
language English
publishDate 2025-07-01
publisher The British Editorial Society of Bone & Joint Surgery
record_format Article
series Bone & Joint Open
spelling doaj-art-d141095941dd45e59ff6bd6354eae2b12025-08-20T03:34:47ZengThe British Editorial Society of Bone & Joint SurgeryBone & Joint Open2633-14622025-07-016778579510.1302/2633-1462.67.BJO-2025-0059.R1Does weightbearing status impact mortality and other complications in hip fracture patients when accounting for frailty?Makoa Mau0Tyler Thorne1Kai Rossbach2Eleanor H. Sato3Chong Zhang4Angela P. Presson5Justin M. Haller6Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USADepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USADepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USADepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USADivision Epidemiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USADivision Epidemiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USADepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USAAims: The aim of this study was to analyze the risk of mortality and other postoperative complications following restricted weightbearing in geriatric patients who undergo fixation of a hip fracture, while accurately controlling for patient frailty. Methods: The National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) database January 2016 to December 2020 was queried for operatively treated hip fractures in patients aged ≥ 60 years using Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes (n = 53,959). Logistic regressions and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis were conducted to determine the frailty measure which best predicts 30-day mortality among American Society of Anesthesiologists grade (ASA), five-factor modified Fraility Index (mFI-5), and Risk Analysis Index Recalibrated Version (RAI-Rev). The effect of weightbearing on 30-day mortality, and severe (SAE) and minor (MAE) adverse events, was assessed using logistic regressions while controlling for the selected frailty measure and other relevant patient characteristics. Results: A total of 53,959 patients met the inclusion criteria, and 36,177 patients (67%) were weightbearing as tolerated postoperatively. Under ROC curve, the only discriminatory performance was by RAI-Rev in 30-day mortality. Controlling for RAI-Rev, age, sex, BMI, functional status, and CPT, weightbearing patients had a 42% lower odds of 30-day mortality (p < 0.001), a 31% lower odds of a SAE (p < 0.001), and a 24% lower odds of a MAE (p < 0.001) in comparison to non-weightbearing patients. Conclusion: Geriatric hip fractures are prevalent in patients with varying degrees of health. RAI-Rev is a better predictor of postoperative mortality than ASA grade and mFI-5, and should be used in evaluating the risk of geriatric hip fractures. Postoperative weightbearing is associated with significant reductions in complications for geriatric hip fracture patients, even while controlling for frailty. Our findings suggest that postoperative weightbearing after surgical fixation of geriatric hip fractures should be encouraged for able patients. Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2025;6(7):785–795.https://online.boneandjoint.org.uk/doi/epdf/10.1302/2633-1462.67.BJO-2025-0059.R1hip fractureweightbearingtraumageriatricfrailtymortalitynsqiphip fracturesfrailtyanesthesiologistsgeriatric hip fracturesbmilogistic regressionspostoperative complicationssurgical fixationother complicationsdeep vein thrombosis (dvt)
spellingShingle Makoa Mau
Tyler Thorne
Kai Rossbach
Eleanor H. Sato
Chong Zhang
Angela P. Presson
Justin M. Haller
Does weightbearing status impact mortality and other complications in hip fracture patients when accounting for frailty?
Bone & Joint Open
hip fracture
weightbearing
trauma
geriatric
frailty
mortality
nsqip
hip fractures
frailty
anesthesiologists
geriatric hip fractures
bmi
logistic regressions
postoperative complications
surgical fixation
other complications
deep vein thrombosis (dvt)
title Does weightbearing status impact mortality and other complications in hip fracture patients when accounting for frailty?
title_full Does weightbearing status impact mortality and other complications in hip fracture patients when accounting for frailty?
title_fullStr Does weightbearing status impact mortality and other complications in hip fracture patients when accounting for frailty?
title_full_unstemmed Does weightbearing status impact mortality and other complications in hip fracture patients when accounting for frailty?
title_short Does weightbearing status impact mortality and other complications in hip fracture patients when accounting for frailty?
title_sort does weightbearing status impact mortality and other complications in hip fracture patients when accounting for frailty
topic hip fracture
weightbearing
trauma
geriatric
frailty
mortality
nsqip
hip fractures
frailty
anesthesiologists
geriatric hip fractures
bmi
logistic regressions
postoperative complications
surgical fixation
other complications
deep vein thrombosis (dvt)
url https://online.boneandjoint.org.uk/doi/epdf/10.1302/2633-1462.67.BJO-2025-0059.R1
work_keys_str_mv AT makoamau doesweightbearingstatusimpactmortalityandothercomplicationsinhipfracturepatientswhenaccountingforfrailty
AT tylerthorne doesweightbearingstatusimpactmortalityandothercomplicationsinhipfracturepatientswhenaccountingforfrailty
AT kairossbach doesweightbearingstatusimpactmortalityandothercomplicationsinhipfracturepatientswhenaccountingforfrailty
AT eleanorhsato doesweightbearingstatusimpactmortalityandothercomplicationsinhipfracturepatientswhenaccountingforfrailty
AT chongzhang doesweightbearingstatusimpactmortalityandothercomplicationsinhipfracturepatientswhenaccountingforfrailty
AT angelappresson doesweightbearingstatusimpactmortalityandothercomplicationsinhipfracturepatientswhenaccountingforfrailty
AT justinmhaller doesweightbearingstatusimpactmortalityandothercomplicationsinhipfracturepatientswhenaccountingforfrailty