Towards a more robust representation of lithic industries in archaeology: a critical review of traditional approaches and modern techniques

Often comprising vast numbers of artifacts, prehistoric lithic assemblages are presented in publications in the form of drawings, diagrams, photographs, or extracts from 3D acquisitions. These visual representations are designed to highlight the most characteristic typological and technological feat...

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Main Authors: Looten, Julien, Gravina, Brad, Muth, Xavier, Villaeys, Maxime, Bordes, Jean-Guillaume
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Peer Community In 2025-05-01
Series:Peer Community Journal
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Online Access:https://peercommunityjournal.org/articles/10.24072/pcjournal.562/
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author Looten, Julien
Gravina, Brad
Muth, Xavier
Villaeys, Maxime
Bordes, Jean-Guillaume
author_facet Looten, Julien
Gravina, Brad
Muth, Xavier
Villaeys, Maxime
Bordes, Jean-Guillaume
author_sort Looten, Julien
collection DOAJ
description Often comprising vast numbers of artifacts, prehistoric lithic assemblages are presented in publications in the form of drawings, diagrams, photographs, or extracts from 3D acquisitions. These visual representations are designed to highlight the most characteristic typological and technological features of a given assemblage. However, the selection of pieces to illustrate is dictated by constraints of time, budget, or space. Moreover, inaccuracies in drawings or poorly lit photographs can cause confusion and problems of interpretation, while more precise, complex, or time-consuming methods can only be applied to a limited number of objects. After a brief overview of the advantages and limitations of the main types of stone tool representations, namely standard drawing and photography, we detail the acquisition of 3D models through photogrammetry in relation to Reflectance Transformation Imaging (RTI). Although less widely known than 3D imaging, RTI is an inexpensive, easily transferred photographic method that can be performed using non specialist equipment. It allows for the visualization of an object’s interactions with artificial light and enhances the perception of its microtopography. RTI provides a more comprehensive documentation of stone tools, including flake scars, use-wear traces, and post-depositional alterations, and thereby enhances the accuracy and, by extension, the objectivity of stone tool representations and artifact characterization.
format Article
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institution Kabale University
issn 2804-3871
language English
publishDate 2025-05-01
publisher Peer Community In
record_format Article
series Peer Community Journal
spelling doaj-art-d13d156d090843fca0c49cd72c02e8852025-08-20T03:58:13ZengPeer Community InPeer Community Journal2804-38712025-05-01510.24072/pcjournal.56210.24072/pcjournal.562Towards a more robust representation of lithic industries in archaeology: a critical review of traditional approaches and modern techniques Looten, Julien0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4131-1740Gravina, Brad1Muth, Xavier2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9412-9176Villaeys, Maxime3Bordes, Jean-Guillaume4https://orcid.org/0009-0009-7350-0122University of Lille, UMR-8164 HALMA, Lille, FranceMusée national de Préhistoire, Les Eyzies, France ; University of Bordeaux, UMR-5199 PACEA, Bordeaux, FranceGet in Situ, Riex, Switzerland; School of Engineering and Management Vaud, HES-SO University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western, SwitzerlandMusée national de Préhistoire, Les Eyzies, France University of Bordeaux, UMR-5199 PACEA, Bordeaux, FranceOften comprising vast numbers of artifacts, prehistoric lithic assemblages are presented in publications in the form of drawings, diagrams, photographs, or extracts from 3D acquisitions. These visual representations are designed to highlight the most characteristic typological and technological features of a given assemblage. However, the selection of pieces to illustrate is dictated by constraints of time, budget, or space. Moreover, inaccuracies in drawings or poorly lit photographs can cause confusion and problems of interpretation, while more precise, complex, or time-consuming methods can only be applied to a limited number of objects. After a brief overview of the advantages and limitations of the main types of stone tool representations, namely standard drawing and photography, we detail the acquisition of 3D models through photogrammetry in relation to Reflectance Transformation Imaging (RTI). Although less widely known than 3D imaging, RTI is an inexpensive, easily transferred photographic method that can be performed using non specialist equipment. It allows for the visualization of an object’s interactions with artificial light and enhances the perception of its microtopography. RTI provides a more comprehensive documentation of stone tools, including flake scars, use-wear traces, and post-depositional alterations, and thereby enhances the accuracy and, by extension, the objectivity of stone tool representations and artifact characterization.https://peercommunityjournal.org/articles/10.24072/pcjournal.562/Stone toolsrepresentationRTI (Reflectance Transformation Imaging)photography3D modelsphotogrammetrymodern techniquesprehistorylithic artifactStone toolsrepresentationRTI (Reflectance Transformation Imaging)photography3D modelsphotogrammetrymodern techniquesprehistorylithic artifact
spellingShingle Looten, Julien
Gravina, Brad
Muth, Xavier
Villaeys, Maxime
Bordes, Jean-Guillaume
Towards a more robust representation of lithic industries in archaeology: a critical review of traditional approaches and modern techniques
Peer Community Journal
Stone tools
representation
RTI (Reflectance Transformation Imaging)
photography
3D models
photogrammetry
modern techniques
prehistory
lithic artifact
Stone tools
representation
RTI (Reflectance Transformation Imaging)
photography
3D models
photogrammetry
modern techniques
prehistory
lithic artifact
title Towards a more robust representation of lithic industries in archaeology: a critical review of traditional approaches and modern techniques
title_full Towards a more robust representation of lithic industries in archaeology: a critical review of traditional approaches and modern techniques
title_fullStr Towards a more robust representation of lithic industries in archaeology: a critical review of traditional approaches and modern techniques
title_full_unstemmed Towards a more robust representation of lithic industries in archaeology: a critical review of traditional approaches and modern techniques
title_short Towards a more robust representation of lithic industries in archaeology: a critical review of traditional approaches and modern techniques
title_sort towards a more robust representation of lithic industries in archaeology a critical review of traditional approaches and modern techniques
topic Stone tools
representation
RTI (Reflectance Transformation Imaging)
photography
3D models
photogrammetry
modern techniques
prehistory
lithic artifact
Stone tools
representation
RTI (Reflectance Transformation Imaging)
photography
3D models
photogrammetry
modern techniques
prehistory
lithic artifact
url https://peercommunityjournal.org/articles/10.24072/pcjournal.562/
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