Extraction and Characterization of Bioactive Compounds in Horseradish (<i>Armoracia rusticana</i>): Focus on Polyphenols, Vitamin C, and Fatty Acids

Horseradish (<i>Armoracia rusticana</i>) is a plant with a long tradition of use and numerous remarkable properties. It is especially appreciated for its antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory effects. The therapeutic potential of the subject in the management of allergies has...

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Main Authors: Bianca Șuian, Sonia Amariei
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-06-01
Series:Applied Sciences
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/12/6534
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author Bianca Șuian
Sonia Amariei
author_facet Bianca Șuian
Sonia Amariei
author_sort Bianca Șuian
collection DOAJ
description Horseradish (<i>Armoracia rusticana</i>) is a plant with a long tradition of use and numerous remarkable properties. It is especially appreciated for its antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory effects. The therapeutic potential of the subject in the management of allergies has received comparatively less attention, despite its composition being rich in bioactive substances. The purpose of this research was to enhance the recovery of bioactive compounds from horseradish by applying an optimized ultrasound-assisted extraction process modelled through Design-Expert software (version 11). Spectrophotometric and chromatographic analyses revealed higher concentrations of polyphenols in extracts obtained with a methanol–water mixture (1:1, <i>v</i>/<i>v</i>) compared to ultrapure water, confirming the efficiency of solvents with lower polarity. The antioxidant activity was found to be significant, with the hydroalcoholic extract achieving 96.93% and the aqueous extract reaching 89.34%. The vitamin C content was determined to be 105.32 mg/100 g and 90.35 mg/100 g, respectively. The polyphenolic profile and fatty acid analysis confirmed the presence of bioactive compounds previously reported as antiallergenic, including protocatechuic, <i>p</i>-hydroxybenzoic, vanillic, caffeic, chlorogenic, <i>p</i>-coumaric, rosmarinic acids, and polyunsaturated fatty acids such as linoleic and linolenic acids, alongside the vitamin C content. The results of the present study confirm that horseradish is a rich natural source of bioactive compounds, particularly antioxidants, which may be of interest for further studies related to functional applications.
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spelling doaj-art-d13b1f35d7e94963b01d4477a0f7fdf12025-08-20T03:32:27ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172025-06-011512653410.3390/app15126534Extraction and Characterization of Bioactive Compounds in Horseradish (<i>Armoracia rusticana</i>): Focus on Polyphenols, Vitamin C, and Fatty AcidsBianca Șuian0Sonia Amariei1Faculty of Food Engineering, Ștefan cel Mare University of Suceava, 720229 Suceava, RomaniaFaculty of Food Engineering, Ștefan cel Mare University of Suceava, 720229 Suceava, RomaniaHorseradish (<i>Armoracia rusticana</i>) is a plant with a long tradition of use and numerous remarkable properties. It is especially appreciated for its antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory effects. The therapeutic potential of the subject in the management of allergies has received comparatively less attention, despite its composition being rich in bioactive substances. The purpose of this research was to enhance the recovery of bioactive compounds from horseradish by applying an optimized ultrasound-assisted extraction process modelled through Design-Expert software (version 11). Spectrophotometric and chromatographic analyses revealed higher concentrations of polyphenols in extracts obtained with a methanol–water mixture (1:1, <i>v</i>/<i>v</i>) compared to ultrapure water, confirming the efficiency of solvents with lower polarity. The antioxidant activity was found to be significant, with the hydroalcoholic extract achieving 96.93% and the aqueous extract reaching 89.34%. The vitamin C content was determined to be 105.32 mg/100 g and 90.35 mg/100 g, respectively. The polyphenolic profile and fatty acid analysis confirmed the presence of bioactive compounds previously reported as antiallergenic, including protocatechuic, <i>p</i>-hydroxybenzoic, vanillic, caffeic, chlorogenic, <i>p</i>-coumaric, rosmarinic acids, and polyunsaturated fatty acids such as linoleic and linolenic acids, alongside the vitamin C content. The results of the present study confirm that horseradish is a rich natural source of bioactive compounds, particularly antioxidants, which may be of interest for further studies related to functional applications.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/12/6534food allergiesantiallergenicpolyphenolsflavonoidsvitamin Cfatty acids
spellingShingle Bianca Șuian
Sonia Amariei
Extraction and Characterization of Bioactive Compounds in Horseradish (<i>Armoracia rusticana</i>): Focus on Polyphenols, Vitamin C, and Fatty Acids
Applied Sciences
food allergies
antiallergenic
polyphenols
flavonoids
vitamin C
fatty acids
title Extraction and Characterization of Bioactive Compounds in Horseradish (<i>Armoracia rusticana</i>): Focus on Polyphenols, Vitamin C, and Fatty Acids
title_full Extraction and Characterization of Bioactive Compounds in Horseradish (<i>Armoracia rusticana</i>): Focus on Polyphenols, Vitamin C, and Fatty Acids
title_fullStr Extraction and Characterization of Bioactive Compounds in Horseradish (<i>Armoracia rusticana</i>): Focus on Polyphenols, Vitamin C, and Fatty Acids
title_full_unstemmed Extraction and Characterization of Bioactive Compounds in Horseradish (<i>Armoracia rusticana</i>): Focus on Polyphenols, Vitamin C, and Fatty Acids
title_short Extraction and Characterization of Bioactive Compounds in Horseradish (<i>Armoracia rusticana</i>): Focus on Polyphenols, Vitamin C, and Fatty Acids
title_sort extraction and characterization of bioactive compounds in horseradish i armoracia rusticana i focus on polyphenols vitamin c and fatty acids
topic food allergies
antiallergenic
polyphenols
flavonoids
vitamin C
fatty acids
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/12/6534
work_keys_str_mv AT biancasuian extractionandcharacterizationofbioactivecompoundsinhorseradishiarmoraciarusticanaifocusonpolyphenolsvitamincandfattyacids
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