Comparison of treatment models for single primary advanced gallbladder cancer

PurposeTreatment for advanced gallbladder cancer (GBC) remains controversial, with various recommendations regarding the choice and combination of surgery and adjuvant therapy. The present article is targeting for the exploration of optimal treatment models for advanced GBC.MethodsAJCC (American Joi...

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Main Authors: Rongxuan Li, Xiao Chen, Bingchen Wang, Bolun Ai, Fangdi Min, Dayong Cao, Jianguo Zhou, Tao Yan
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2024-11-01
Series:Frontiers in Immunology
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2024.1500091/full
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author Rongxuan Li
Xiao Chen
Bingchen Wang
Bolun Ai
Fangdi Min
Dayong Cao
Jianguo Zhou
Tao Yan
author_facet Rongxuan Li
Xiao Chen
Bingchen Wang
Bolun Ai
Fangdi Min
Dayong Cao
Jianguo Zhou
Tao Yan
author_sort Rongxuan Li
collection DOAJ
description PurposeTreatment for advanced gallbladder cancer (GBC) remains controversial, with various recommendations regarding the choice and combination of surgery and adjuvant therapy. The present article is targeting for the exploration of optimal treatment models for advanced GBC.MethodsAJCC (American Joint Committee on Cancer, 8th edition) stage III and stage IV GBC, were defined as advanced GBC. Patients with advanced GBC were identified using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database and departmental cohort. Because of the most representative, only gallbladder adenocarcinoma (GBAC) patients were selected. Based on their surgical status (No, Non-radical and Radical surgery), chemotherapy status (Chemotherapy, No chemotherapy), and radiotherapy status (Radiotherapy, No radiotherapy), treatment models were categorized. For the purposes of evaluating the treatment outcomes of various treatment models and determining the risk element for cancer-specific survival (CSS), Cox regression analysis was applied. Kaplan-Meier curves were used before and after adjusting for covariates, with log-rank tests used to analyze discrepancies between curves. Immunotherapy was analyzed using clinical data from departmental cohort. Finally, to compensate for the limitations of the database, a review examines the progress in treatment models for advanced GBC.Results5,154 patients aged over 18 years with solitary primary advanced GBC were identified from the SEER database. In advanced GBC patients, the treatment model has emerged as a significant prognostic factor. “Radical surgery + Chemotherapy + Radiotherapy” models maximally improved the CSS of advanced GBC before and after adjusting for covariates, while “No surgery + No chemotherapy + No radiotherapy” model had the lowest CSS. The present conclusions were supported even after subgroup analysis by AJCC stage. The efficacy of immunotherapy was demonstrated in the departmental cohort analysis. Additionally, this article provides a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in various emerging treatment strategies.ConclusionEven when optimal treatment model cannot be pursued, providing comprehensive combinations of treatments to advanced GBC patients whenever possible is always beneficial for their survival.
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publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
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spelling doaj-art-d1342e5b71ef4c369d8dadf7414f17132025-08-20T02:14:53ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242024-11-011510.3389/fimmu.2024.15000911500091Comparison of treatment models for single primary advanced gallbladder cancerRongxuan Li0Xiao Chen1Bingchen Wang2Bolun Ai3Fangdi Min4Dayong Cao5Jianguo Zhou6Tao Yan7Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, ChinaDepartment of Hepatobiliary Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, ChinaDepartment of Hepatobiliary Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, ChinaDepartment of Breast Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, ChinaDepartment of Anesthesiology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, ChinaDepartment of Hepatobiliary Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, ChinaDepartment of Hepatobiliary Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, ChinaDepartment of Anesthesiology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, ChinaPurposeTreatment for advanced gallbladder cancer (GBC) remains controversial, with various recommendations regarding the choice and combination of surgery and adjuvant therapy. The present article is targeting for the exploration of optimal treatment models for advanced GBC.MethodsAJCC (American Joint Committee on Cancer, 8th edition) stage III and stage IV GBC, were defined as advanced GBC. Patients with advanced GBC were identified using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database and departmental cohort. Because of the most representative, only gallbladder adenocarcinoma (GBAC) patients were selected. Based on their surgical status (No, Non-radical and Radical surgery), chemotherapy status (Chemotherapy, No chemotherapy), and radiotherapy status (Radiotherapy, No radiotherapy), treatment models were categorized. For the purposes of evaluating the treatment outcomes of various treatment models and determining the risk element for cancer-specific survival (CSS), Cox regression analysis was applied. Kaplan-Meier curves were used before and after adjusting for covariates, with log-rank tests used to analyze discrepancies between curves. Immunotherapy was analyzed using clinical data from departmental cohort. Finally, to compensate for the limitations of the database, a review examines the progress in treatment models for advanced GBC.Results5,154 patients aged over 18 years with solitary primary advanced GBC were identified from the SEER database. In advanced GBC patients, the treatment model has emerged as a significant prognostic factor. “Radical surgery + Chemotherapy + Radiotherapy” models maximally improved the CSS of advanced GBC before and after adjusting for covariates, while “No surgery + No chemotherapy + No radiotherapy” model had the lowest CSS. The present conclusions were supported even after subgroup analysis by AJCC stage. The efficacy of immunotherapy was demonstrated in the departmental cohort analysis. Additionally, this article provides a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in various emerging treatment strategies.ConclusionEven when optimal treatment model cannot be pursued, providing comprehensive combinations of treatments to advanced GBC patients whenever possible is always beneficial for their survival.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2024.1500091/fulladvanced gallbladder cancersurgerychemotherapyradiotherapyimmunotherapySEER
spellingShingle Rongxuan Li
Xiao Chen
Bingchen Wang
Bolun Ai
Fangdi Min
Dayong Cao
Jianguo Zhou
Tao Yan
Comparison of treatment models for single primary advanced gallbladder cancer
Frontiers in Immunology
advanced gallbladder cancer
surgery
chemotherapy
radiotherapy
immunotherapy
SEER
title Comparison of treatment models for single primary advanced gallbladder cancer
title_full Comparison of treatment models for single primary advanced gallbladder cancer
title_fullStr Comparison of treatment models for single primary advanced gallbladder cancer
title_full_unstemmed Comparison of treatment models for single primary advanced gallbladder cancer
title_short Comparison of treatment models for single primary advanced gallbladder cancer
title_sort comparison of treatment models for single primary advanced gallbladder cancer
topic advanced gallbladder cancer
surgery
chemotherapy
radiotherapy
immunotherapy
SEER
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2024.1500091/full
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AT bolunai comparisonoftreatmentmodelsforsingleprimaryadvancedgallbladdercancer
AT fangdimin comparisonoftreatmentmodelsforsingleprimaryadvancedgallbladdercancer
AT dayongcao comparisonoftreatmentmodelsforsingleprimaryadvancedgallbladdercancer
AT jianguozhou comparisonoftreatmentmodelsforsingleprimaryadvancedgallbladdercancer
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