Centralized synthetic inertia control of inverter-based thermostatically controlled load clusters for grid frequency regulation

As the development of new power systems progresses, the inherent inertia of power systems continues to diminish. Centralized frequency regulation, which relies on rapid communication and real-time control, can enable inverter-based thermostatically controlled load (ITCL) clusters to provide virtual...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Te Zhou, Meng Zhou, Shuai Wang, Zhi Li, Yang Han, Tomislav Capuder, Ning Zhang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Tsinghua University Press 2025-03-01
Series:iEnergy
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.sciopen.com/article/10.23919/IEN.2025.0003
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1849761912630280192
author Te Zhou
Meng Zhou
Shuai Wang
Zhi Li
Yang Han
Tomislav Capuder
Ning Zhang
author_facet Te Zhou
Meng Zhou
Shuai Wang
Zhi Li
Yang Han
Tomislav Capuder
Ning Zhang
author_sort Te Zhou
collection DOAJ
description As the development of new power systems progresses, the inherent inertia of power systems continues to diminish. Centralized frequency regulation, which relies on rapid communication and real-time control, can enable inverter-based thermostatically controlled load (ITCL) clusters to provide virtual inertia support to the power grid. However, ITCL clusters exhibit significant discrete response characteristics, which precludes the direct integration of load-side inertia support into the synchronous unit side. To address this issue, this paper elaborates on the existing technical framework and analyzes the underlying causes of the problem. It proposes a timestamp allocation mechanism for ITCL cluster control instructions, ensuring that many ITCL terminals can be triggered at staggered times, thereby allowing the load cluster power to adhere to the inertia analog control law at any moment. Building on this foundation, the paper further examines the impact of the inertia response delay of ITCL clusters, which is based on centralized frequency regulation, on the stability of the power system. A design scheme for inertia analog control parameters is proposed, taking into account dual constraints, frequency stability and load cluster regulation capacity. Finally, the feasibility and applicability of the proposed mechanism and parameter design scheme are investigated through simulations conducted via MATLAB/Simulink.
format Article
id doaj-art-d11ddffe829f48f6a36905d8e59099fa
institution DOAJ
issn 2771-9197
language English
publishDate 2025-03-01
publisher Tsinghua University Press
record_format Article
series iEnergy
spelling doaj-art-d11ddffe829f48f6a36905d8e59099fa2025-08-20T03:05:52ZengTsinghua University PressiEnergy2771-91972025-03-0141163010.23919/IEN.2025.0003Centralized synthetic inertia control of inverter-based thermostatically controlled load clusters for grid frequency regulationTe Zhou0Meng Zhou1Shuai Wang2Zhi Li3Yang Han4Tomislav Capuder5Ning Zhang6Sichuan Energy Internet Research Institute, Tsinghua University, Chengdu 610042, ChinaSchool of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, ChinaSichuan Energy Internet Research Institute, Tsinghua University, Chengdu 610042, ChinaDepartment of New Power System Research Center, Tianfu Yongxing Laboratory, Chengdu 610213, ChinaSchool of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, ChinaDepartment of Energy and Power Systems, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, CroatiaSichuan Energy Internet Research Institute, Tsinghua University, Chengdu 610042, ChinaAs the development of new power systems progresses, the inherent inertia of power systems continues to diminish. Centralized frequency regulation, which relies on rapid communication and real-time control, can enable inverter-based thermostatically controlled load (ITCL) clusters to provide virtual inertia support to the power grid. However, ITCL clusters exhibit significant discrete response characteristics, which precludes the direct integration of load-side inertia support into the synchronous unit side. To address this issue, this paper elaborates on the existing technical framework and analyzes the underlying causes of the problem. It proposes a timestamp allocation mechanism for ITCL cluster control instructions, ensuring that many ITCL terminals can be triggered at staggered times, thereby allowing the load cluster power to adhere to the inertia analog control law at any moment. Building on this foundation, the paper further examines the impact of the inertia response delay of ITCL clusters, which is based on centralized frequency regulation, on the stability of the power system. A design scheme for inertia analog control parameters is proposed, taking into account dual constraints, frequency stability and load cluster regulation capacity. Finally, the feasibility and applicability of the proposed mechanism and parameter design scheme are investigated through simulations conducted via MATLAB/Simulink.https://www.sciopen.com/article/10.23919/IEN.2025.0003thermostatically controlled loaddemand responsefrequency responsecentralized frequency regulationinertia analog
spellingShingle Te Zhou
Meng Zhou
Shuai Wang
Zhi Li
Yang Han
Tomislav Capuder
Ning Zhang
Centralized synthetic inertia control of inverter-based thermostatically controlled load clusters for grid frequency regulation
iEnergy
thermostatically controlled load
demand response
frequency response
centralized frequency regulation
inertia analog
title Centralized synthetic inertia control of inverter-based thermostatically controlled load clusters for grid frequency regulation
title_full Centralized synthetic inertia control of inverter-based thermostatically controlled load clusters for grid frequency regulation
title_fullStr Centralized synthetic inertia control of inverter-based thermostatically controlled load clusters for grid frequency regulation
title_full_unstemmed Centralized synthetic inertia control of inverter-based thermostatically controlled load clusters for grid frequency regulation
title_short Centralized synthetic inertia control of inverter-based thermostatically controlled load clusters for grid frequency regulation
title_sort centralized synthetic inertia control of inverter based thermostatically controlled load clusters for grid frequency regulation
topic thermostatically controlled load
demand response
frequency response
centralized frequency regulation
inertia analog
url https://www.sciopen.com/article/10.23919/IEN.2025.0003
work_keys_str_mv AT tezhou centralizedsyntheticinertiacontrolofinverterbasedthermostaticallycontrolledloadclustersforgridfrequencyregulation
AT mengzhou centralizedsyntheticinertiacontrolofinverterbasedthermostaticallycontrolledloadclustersforgridfrequencyregulation
AT shuaiwang centralizedsyntheticinertiacontrolofinverterbasedthermostaticallycontrolledloadclustersforgridfrequencyregulation
AT zhili centralizedsyntheticinertiacontrolofinverterbasedthermostaticallycontrolledloadclustersforgridfrequencyregulation
AT yanghan centralizedsyntheticinertiacontrolofinverterbasedthermostaticallycontrolledloadclustersforgridfrequencyregulation
AT tomislavcapuder centralizedsyntheticinertiacontrolofinverterbasedthermostaticallycontrolledloadclustersforgridfrequencyregulation
AT ningzhang centralizedsyntheticinertiacontrolofinverterbasedthermostaticallycontrolledloadclustersforgridfrequencyregulation