Total atrioventricular block as a cardiac manifestation in Weil’s disease: a case report

Abstract Background Weil’s disease is an infection caused by Leptospira bacteria. Leptospirosis may cause arrhythmias, such as atrial fibrillation and ST-T segment changes. We report a rare case of total atrioventricular block induced by leptospirosis. Early diagnosis and prompt management present p...

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Main Authors: Ivana Purnama Dewi, Arya Taksya Bagaskara, Andreas Mercyan Anggitama, Kadex Reisya Sita Damayanti, Ihdinal Mukti
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-03-01
Series:Journal of Medical Case Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s13256-024-04970-w
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author Ivana Purnama Dewi
Arya Taksya Bagaskara
Andreas Mercyan Anggitama
Kadex Reisya Sita Damayanti
Ihdinal Mukti
author_facet Ivana Purnama Dewi
Arya Taksya Bagaskara
Andreas Mercyan Anggitama
Kadex Reisya Sita Damayanti
Ihdinal Mukti
author_sort Ivana Purnama Dewi
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Weil’s disease is an infection caused by Leptospira bacteria. Leptospirosis may cause arrhythmias, such as atrial fibrillation and ST-T segment changes. We report a rare case of total atrioventricular block induced by leptospirosis. Early diagnosis and prompt management present particular challenges. Case report A 43-year-old Asian woman was referred from internal medicine to cardiology owing to an electrocardiogram abnormality. She complained of worsening chest discomfort 3 days earlier, accompanied by fever, nausea, and intermittent headaches. The patient appeared lethargic and jaundiced; blood pressure was 81/43 mmHg, heart rate was 41 bpm, respiratory rate was 20 times/minute, and temperature was 38.2 °C. The electrocardiogram showed a total atrioventricular block with a junctional escape rhythm of 45 bpm. Laboratory tests revealed increased renal and liver function, thrombocytopenia (98,000/µL), and positive immunoglobulin G and M anti-Leptospira. The patient was diagnosed with Weil’s disease (Faine’s score 32) and total atrioventricular block. The initial management involved fitting the patient with a transcutaneous pacemaker and giving dopamine 5 mcg/kgBW/minute, titrated to a target systolic blood pressure of > 90 mmHg. The patient was also scheduled to undergo temporary transvenous pacing. However, the patient died of suspected cardiogenic shock due to a deterioration in clinical condition. Conclusion Leptospirosis can cause rare but fatal arrhythmias, as seen in this case of fulminant leptospirosis with total atrioventricular block. Clinicians should be vigilant and consider this potential complication in similar cases.
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spelling doaj-art-d11304b95a4d45899f83b09f80ca51482025-08-20T02:59:22ZengBMCJournal of Medical Case Reports1752-19472025-03-011911610.1186/s13256-024-04970-wTotal atrioventricular block as a cardiac manifestation in Weil’s disease: a case reportIvana Purnama Dewi0Arya Taksya Bagaskara1Andreas Mercyan Anggitama2Kadex Reisya Sita Damayanti3Ihdinal Mukti4Faculty of Medicine, Duta Wacana Christian UniversityFaculty of Medicine, Duta Wacana Christian UniversityFaculty of Medicine, Duta Wacana Christian UniversityFaculty of Medicine, Duta Wacana Christian UniversityDepartment of Internal Medicine, West Papua General HospitalAbstract Background Weil’s disease is an infection caused by Leptospira bacteria. Leptospirosis may cause arrhythmias, such as atrial fibrillation and ST-T segment changes. We report a rare case of total atrioventricular block induced by leptospirosis. Early diagnosis and prompt management present particular challenges. Case report A 43-year-old Asian woman was referred from internal medicine to cardiology owing to an electrocardiogram abnormality. She complained of worsening chest discomfort 3 days earlier, accompanied by fever, nausea, and intermittent headaches. The patient appeared lethargic and jaundiced; blood pressure was 81/43 mmHg, heart rate was 41 bpm, respiratory rate was 20 times/minute, and temperature was 38.2 °C. The electrocardiogram showed a total atrioventricular block with a junctional escape rhythm of 45 bpm. Laboratory tests revealed increased renal and liver function, thrombocytopenia (98,000/µL), and positive immunoglobulin G and M anti-Leptospira. The patient was diagnosed with Weil’s disease (Faine’s score 32) and total atrioventricular block. The initial management involved fitting the patient with a transcutaneous pacemaker and giving dopamine 5 mcg/kgBW/minute, titrated to a target systolic blood pressure of > 90 mmHg. The patient was also scheduled to undergo temporary transvenous pacing. However, the patient died of suspected cardiogenic shock due to a deterioration in clinical condition. Conclusion Leptospirosis can cause rare but fatal arrhythmias, as seen in this case of fulminant leptospirosis with total atrioventricular block. Clinicians should be vigilant and consider this potential complication in similar cases.https://doi.org/10.1186/s13256-024-04970-wLeptospirosisWeil’s diseasetotal atrioventricular block
spellingShingle Ivana Purnama Dewi
Arya Taksya Bagaskara
Andreas Mercyan Anggitama
Kadex Reisya Sita Damayanti
Ihdinal Mukti
Total atrioventricular block as a cardiac manifestation in Weil’s disease: a case report
Journal of Medical Case Reports
Leptospirosis
Weil’s disease
total atrioventricular block
title Total atrioventricular block as a cardiac manifestation in Weil’s disease: a case report
title_full Total atrioventricular block as a cardiac manifestation in Weil’s disease: a case report
title_fullStr Total atrioventricular block as a cardiac manifestation in Weil’s disease: a case report
title_full_unstemmed Total atrioventricular block as a cardiac manifestation in Weil’s disease: a case report
title_short Total atrioventricular block as a cardiac manifestation in Weil’s disease: a case report
title_sort total atrioventricular block as a cardiac manifestation in weil s disease a case report
topic Leptospirosis
Weil’s disease
total atrioventricular block
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s13256-024-04970-w
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AT andreasmercyananggitama totalatrioventricularblockasacardiacmanifestationinweilsdiseaseacasereport
AT kadexreisyasitadamayanti totalatrioventricularblockasacardiacmanifestationinweilsdiseaseacasereport
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