Source apportionment of airborne volatile organic compounds near unconventional oil and gas development

Oil and natural gas (ONG) extraction emits volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Certain VOCs are identified as hazardous air pollutants (HAPS) while others contribute to ozone formation. This study examines the impact of ONG operations on VOC levels during the development of multi-well ONG pads in sub...

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Main Authors: Emily Lachenmayer, I-Ting Ku, Arsineh Hecobian, Katherine B Benedict, Yong Zhou, Brent Buck, Jeffrey L Collett Jr
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: IOP Publishing 2024-01-01
Series:Environmental Research Communications
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7620/ad82b2
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author Emily Lachenmayer
I-Ting Ku
Arsineh Hecobian
Katherine B Benedict
Yong Zhou
Brent Buck
Jeffrey L Collett Jr
author_facet Emily Lachenmayer
I-Ting Ku
Arsineh Hecobian
Katherine B Benedict
Yong Zhou
Brent Buck
Jeffrey L Collett Jr
author_sort Emily Lachenmayer
collection DOAJ
description Oil and natural gas (ONG) extraction emits volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Certain VOCs are identified as hazardous air pollutants (HAPS) while others contribute to ozone formation. This study examines the impact of ONG operations on VOC levels during the development of multi-well ONG pads in suburban Broomfield, Colorado. From October 2018 to December 2020, weekly VOC measurements were taken at 18 sites across the area. These included spots near well pads, in adjacent neighborhoods, and at a background site, covering various stages of well pad development including drilling, hydraulic fracturing, flowback, and production. Analysis using Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) identified six factors, including combustion, background/biogenic sources, light and complex alkanes, drilling activities, and ONG acetylene. Factors linked to local ONG activities exhibited clear temporal and spatial correlations with Broomfield well development. Benzene source analysis revealed distinct contribution gradients, with ONG-related sources notably influencing areas near the well pads, particularly in pre-production. ONG-related weekly benzene contributions varied from 9% to 63% at a community background site and 18% to 89% in a neighborhood close to a well pad.
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spelling doaj-art-d10fb473bb6f49c5b934181b2daf320b2025-08-20T02:48:30ZengIOP PublishingEnvironmental Research Communications2515-76202024-01-0161010101310.1088/2515-7620/ad82b2Source apportionment of airborne volatile organic compounds near unconventional oil and gas developmentEmily Lachenmayer0https://orcid.org/0009-0005-1612-9014I-Ting Ku1https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0721-647XArsineh Hecobian2Katherine B Benedict3Yong Zhou4Brent Buck5https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2078-6876Jeffrey L Collett Jr6https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9180-508XDepartment of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University , Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of AmericaDepartment of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University , Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of AmericaDepartment of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University , Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of AmericaDepartment of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University , Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America; Now at Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, United States of AmericaDepartment of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University , Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of AmericaAjax Analytics, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of AmericaDepartment of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University , Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of AmericaOil and natural gas (ONG) extraction emits volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Certain VOCs are identified as hazardous air pollutants (HAPS) while others contribute to ozone formation. This study examines the impact of ONG operations on VOC levels during the development of multi-well ONG pads in suburban Broomfield, Colorado. From October 2018 to December 2020, weekly VOC measurements were taken at 18 sites across the area. These included spots near well pads, in adjacent neighborhoods, and at a background site, covering various stages of well pad development including drilling, hydraulic fracturing, flowback, and production. Analysis using Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) identified six factors, including combustion, background/biogenic sources, light and complex alkanes, drilling activities, and ONG acetylene. Factors linked to local ONG activities exhibited clear temporal and spatial correlations with Broomfield well development. Benzene source analysis revealed distinct contribution gradients, with ONG-related sources notably influencing areas near the well pads, particularly in pre-production. ONG-related weekly benzene contributions varied from 9% to 63% at a community background site and 18% to 89% in a neighborhood close to a well pad.https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7620/ad82b2PMFoil and gassource apportionmentvolatile organic compounds
spellingShingle Emily Lachenmayer
I-Ting Ku
Arsineh Hecobian
Katherine B Benedict
Yong Zhou
Brent Buck
Jeffrey L Collett Jr
Source apportionment of airborne volatile organic compounds near unconventional oil and gas development
Environmental Research Communications
PMF
oil and gas
source apportionment
volatile organic compounds
title Source apportionment of airborne volatile organic compounds near unconventional oil and gas development
title_full Source apportionment of airborne volatile organic compounds near unconventional oil and gas development
title_fullStr Source apportionment of airborne volatile organic compounds near unconventional oil and gas development
title_full_unstemmed Source apportionment of airborne volatile organic compounds near unconventional oil and gas development
title_short Source apportionment of airborne volatile organic compounds near unconventional oil and gas development
title_sort source apportionment of airborne volatile organic compounds near unconventional oil and gas development
topic PMF
oil and gas
source apportionment
volatile organic compounds
url https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7620/ad82b2
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