Estimates of vaccine effectiveness of the updated monovalent XBB.1.5 COVID-19 vaccine against symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection, hospitalization, and receipt of oxygen therapy in South Korea - October 26 to December 31, 2023

Estimates of vaccine effectiveness of the updated monovalent XBB.1.5 COVID-19 vaccine against symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection, hospitalization, and receipt of oxygen therapy in South Korea - October 26 to December 31, 2023

Objectives: We evaluated the vaccine effectiveness of monovalent XBB.1.5 vaccine against symptomatic COVID-19 infection, hospitalization, and the need for oxygen therapy in South Korea. Design: This study employed a test-negative case-control design. COVID-19 test results in symptomatic subjects fro...

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Main Authors: Jung Ah Lee, Heeseon Jang, Sang Min Ahn, Jae Eun Seong, Young Keun Kim, Yujin Sohn, Sook In Jung, Hye Won Jeong, Shin-Woo Kim, Jin-Soo Lee, Ji-Hyeon Baek, Se Ju Lee, Geun-Yong Kwon, Jeeyeon Shin, Hangjin Jeong, Changsoo Kim, Jun Yong Choi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2024-11-01
Series:International Journal of Infectious Diseases
Subjects:
COVID-19
Vaccine
Vaccine effectiveness
XBB.1.5
Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1201971224003205
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Summary:Objectives: We evaluated the vaccine effectiveness of monovalent XBB.1.5 vaccine against symptomatic COVID-19 infection, hospitalization, and the need for oxygen therapy in South Korea. Design: This study employed a test-negative case-control design. COVID-19 test results in symptomatic subjects from six university hospitals across South Korea were collected (October 26–December 31, 2023). The adjusted absolute and relative vaccine effectiveness were assessed. Results: In total, 5516 subjects were enrolled: 4,824 were unvaccinated with XBB.1.5, and 692 were vaccinated with XBB.1.5 COVID-19 mRNA vaccines. The absolute vaccine effectiveness when comparing the odds between XBB.1.5 vaccination and no vaccination against symptomatic COVID-19 infection, hospitalization, and oxygen therapy was 65.2% (95% CI, 36.1-81.0), 77.3% (95% CI, 51.1-89.5), and 85.3% (95% CI, 57.8-94.9), respectively. The relative vaccine effectiveness when comparing the odds between XBB.1.5 vaccination and no XBB.1.5 vaccination against symptomatic COVID-19 infection, hospitalization, and oxygen therapy was 57.7% (95% CI, 34.7-72.6), 64.3% (95% CI, 35.9-80.2), and 65.5% (95% CI, 27.0-83.7), respectively. Conclusion: The short-term effectiveness of the XBB.1.5 vaccine against symptomatic COVID-19 infection, hospitalization, and receipt of oxygen therapy in South Korea was significant. Long-term vaccine effectiveness warrants evaluation, and these assessments should be conducted regularly.
ISSN:1201-9712

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