Phenotypes and Genotypes of Patients with Pantothenate Kinase-Associated Neurodegeneration in Asian and Caucasian Populations: 2 Cases and Literature Review

Objectives. Pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration (PKAN) is a rare disease caused by pantothenate kinase 2 (PANK2, OMIM 606157) mutations. This study is aimed to investigate clinical presentations, pathologies, and genetics in patients with PKAN. Methods. Two patients with PKAN were repor...

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Main Authors: Chih-Hong Lee, Chin-Song Lu, Wen-Li Chuang, Tu-Hsueh Yeh, Shih-Ming Jung, Chia-Ling Huang, Szu-Chia Lai
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2013-01-01
Series:The Scientific World Journal
Online Access:http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/860539
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author Chih-Hong Lee
Chin-Song Lu
Wen-Li Chuang
Tu-Hsueh Yeh
Shih-Ming Jung
Chia-Ling Huang
Szu-Chia Lai
author_facet Chih-Hong Lee
Chin-Song Lu
Wen-Li Chuang
Tu-Hsueh Yeh
Shih-Ming Jung
Chia-Ling Huang
Szu-Chia Lai
author_sort Chih-Hong Lee
collection DOAJ
description Objectives. Pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration (PKAN) is a rare disease caused by pantothenate kinase 2 (PANK2, OMIM 606157) mutations. This study is aimed to investigate clinical presentations, pathologies, and genetics in patients with PKAN. Methods. Two patients with PKAN were reported. We reviewed the literature to include additional 19 patients with PKAN in Eastern Asia. These patients were divided into classic and atypical groups by the age of onset. We compared the data on PKAN patients of Asian and Caucasian populations. Results. We found iron deposits in the globus pallidus in our Patient 1 and a heterozygous truncating mutation (c.1408insT) in Patient 2. Literature review shows that generalized dystonia and bulbar signs are more common in classic PKAN patients, whereas segmental dystonia and tremors are more specific to atypical ones. Asian patients have less complex presentations—lower prevalence of pyramidal signs, mental impairment, and parkinsonism—than Caucasians. D378G in exon 3 is the most frequent mutation (28%) in Asians. Conclusions. Our study demonstrates that the distribution of dystonia is the major distinction between subgroups of PKAN. Caucasian patients have more complex presentations than Asians. Exon 3 and 4 are hot spots for screening PANK2 mutations in Asian patients.
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spelling doaj-art-d0faabb741be490d89ce36ff8e8e9ce02025-08-20T03:19:38ZengWileyThe Scientific World Journal1537-744X2013-01-01201310.1155/2013/860539860539Phenotypes and Genotypes of Patients with Pantothenate Kinase-Associated Neurodegeneration in Asian and Caucasian Populations: 2 Cases and Literature ReviewChih-Hong Lee0Chin-Song Lu1Wen-Li Chuang2Tu-Hsueh Yeh3Shih-Ming Jung4Chia-Ling Huang5Szu-Chia Lai6Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou Medical Center and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, TaiwanDepartment of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou Medical Center and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, TaiwanDepartment of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou Medical Center and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, TaiwanDepartment of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou Medical Center and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, TaiwanDepartment of Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou Medical Center and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, TaiwanDepartment of Neurology, Saint Paul’s Hospital, Taoyuan 333, TaiwanDepartment of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou Medical Center and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, TaiwanObjectives. Pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration (PKAN) is a rare disease caused by pantothenate kinase 2 (PANK2, OMIM 606157) mutations. This study is aimed to investigate clinical presentations, pathologies, and genetics in patients with PKAN. Methods. Two patients with PKAN were reported. We reviewed the literature to include additional 19 patients with PKAN in Eastern Asia. These patients were divided into classic and atypical groups by the age of onset. We compared the data on PKAN patients of Asian and Caucasian populations. Results. We found iron deposits in the globus pallidus in our Patient 1 and a heterozygous truncating mutation (c.1408insT) in Patient 2. Literature review shows that generalized dystonia and bulbar signs are more common in classic PKAN patients, whereas segmental dystonia and tremors are more specific to atypical ones. Asian patients have less complex presentations—lower prevalence of pyramidal signs, mental impairment, and parkinsonism—than Caucasians. D378G in exon 3 is the most frequent mutation (28%) in Asians. Conclusions. Our study demonstrates that the distribution of dystonia is the major distinction between subgroups of PKAN. Caucasian patients have more complex presentations than Asians. Exon 3 and 4 are hot spots for screening PANK2 mutations in Asian patients.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/860539
spellingShingle Chih-Hong Lee
Chin-Song Lu
Wen-Li Chuang
Tu-Hsueh Yeh
Shih-Ming Jung
Chia-Ling Huang
Szu-Chia Lai
Phenotypes and Genotypes of Patients with Pantothenate Kinase-Associated Neurodegeneration in Asian and Caucasian Populations: 2 Cases and Literature Review
The Scientific World Journal
title Phenotypes and Genotypes of Patients with Pantothenate Kinase-Associated Neurodegeneration in Asian and Caucasian Populations: 2 Cases and Literature Review
title_full Phenotypes and Genotypes of Patients with Pantothenate Kinase-Associated Neurodegeneration in Asian and Caucasian Populations: 2 Cases and Literature Review
title_fullStr Phenotypes and Genotypes of Patients with Pantothenate Kinase-Associated Neurodegeneration in Asian and Caucasian Populations: 2 Cases and Literature Review
title_full_unstemmed Phenotypes and Genotypes of Patients with Pantothenate Kinase-Associated Neurodegeneration in Asian and Caucasian Populations: 2 Cases and Literature Review
title_short Phenotypes and Genotypes of Patients with Pantothenate Kinase-Associated Neurodegeneration in Asian and Caucasian Populations: 2 Cases and Literature Review
title_sort phenotypes and genotypes of patients with pantothenate kinase associated neurodegeneration in asian and caucasian populations 2 cases and literature review
url http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/860539
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