Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Flood-Irrigated Rice as Affected by Phosphorus Fertilizer Source

Research into alternative phosphorus (P) fertilizer sources that may be able to supplement P resources is necessary. Struvite (MgNH<sub>4</sub>PO<sub>4</sub> · 6H<sub>2</sub>O) can be made by removing excess nutrients from waste sources and may reduce greenhouse g...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Chandler M. Arel, Kristofor R. Brye, Diego Della Lunga, Trenton L. Roberts, Richard Adams
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-04-01
Series:Agriculture
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/15/8/815
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Summary:Research into alternative phosphorus (P) fertilizer sources that may be able to supplement P resources is necessary. Struvite (MgNH<sub>4</sub>PO<sub>4</sub> · 6H<sub>2</sub>O) can be made by removing excess nutrients from waste sources and may reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from cropping systems. This study sought to quantify GHG [i.e., methane (CH<sub>4</sub>), nitrous oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O), and carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>)] fluxes, season-long emissions, and net GHG emissions from chemically precipitated struvite (CPST) and synthetic and real-wastewater-derived electrochemically precipitated struvite (ECST) compared to monoammonium phosphate (MAP) and an unamended control (UC) from flood-irrigated rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i>) grown in P-deficient, silt loam soil in a greenhouse. Gas samples were collected weekly over a 140-day period in 2022. Methane and CO<sub>2</sub> emissions differed (<i>p</i> < 0.05) among P fertilizer sources, while N<sub>2</sub>O emissions were similar among all treatments. Methane, CO<sub>2</sub>, and N<sub>2</sub>O emissions from MAP-fertilized rice were the greatest (98.7, 20,960, and 0.44 kg ha<sup>−1</sup> season<sup>−1</sup>, respectively), but they were similar to those of CH<sub>4</sub> and CO<sub>2</sub> for CPST and those of N<sub>2</sub>O for all other P fertilizer sources. Season-long CH<sub>4</sub>, CO<sub>2</sub>, and N<sub>2</sub>O emissions and net GHG emissions did not differ between ECST materials. This study’s results emphasized the potential that wastewater-recovered struvite has to reduce GHG emissions in rice production systems.
ISSN:2077-0472