A Self-Tuning Variable Universe Fuzzy PID Control Framework with Hybrid BAS-PSO-SA Optimization for Unmanned Surface Vehicles

In this study, a hybrid heading control framework for unmanned surface vehicles (USVs) is proposed, combining variable domain fuzzy Proportional–Integral–Derivative (VUF-PID) with an improved algorithmic Beetle Antennae Search–Particle Swarm Optimization–Simulated Annealing (BAS-PSO-SA) optimization...

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Main Authors: Huixia Zhang, Zhao Zhao, Yuchen Wei, Yitong Liu, Wenyang Wu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-03-01
Series:Journal of Marine Science and Engineering
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/13/3/558
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author Huixia Zhang
Zhao Zhao
Yuchen Wei
Yitong Liu
Wenyang Wu
author_facet Huixia Zhang
Zhao Zhao
Yuchen Wei
Yitong Liu
Wenyang Wu
author_sort Huixia Zhang
collection DOAJ
description In this study, a hybrid heading control framework for unmanned surface vehicles (USVs) is proposed, combining variable domain fuzzy Proportional–Integral–Derivative (VUF-PID) with an improved algorithmic Beetle Antennae Search–Particle Swarm Optimization–Simulated Annealing (BAS-PSO-SA) optimization to address the multi-objective control challenge. Key innovations include a self-tuning VUF mechanism that improves disturbance rejection by 42%, a weighted adaptive optimization strategy that reduces parameter tuning iterations by 37%, and an asymmetric learning factor that balances global exploration and local refinement. Benchmarks using Rastrigin, Griewank, and Sphere functions show superior convergence and 68% stability improvement. Ocean heading simulations of a 7.02 m unmanned surface vehicle (USV) using the Nomoto model show a 91.7% reduction in stabilization time, a 0.9% reduction in overshoot, and a 30% reduction in optimization iterations. The experimental validation under wind and wave disturbances shows that the heading deviation is less than 0.0392°, meeting the IMO MSC.1/Circ.1580 standard, and an 89.5% improvement in energy efficiency. Although the processing time is 12.7% longer compared to the GRO approach, this framework lays a solid foundation for ship autonomy systems, and future enhancements will focus on MPC-based time delay compensation and Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) acceleration.
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publishDate 2025-03-01
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spelling doaj-art-d0e34e3cc8b0409ea2eea021e3c1ab542025-08-20T01:48:56ZengMDPI AGJournal of Marine Science and Engineering2077-13122025-03-0113355810.3390/jmse13030558A Self-Tuning Variable Universe Fuzzy PID Control Framework with Hybrid BAS-PSO-SA Optimization for Unmanned Surface VehiclesHuixia Zhang0Zhao Zhao1Yuchen Wei2Yitong Liu3Wenyang Wu4School of Ocean Engineering, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, ChinaSchool of Ocean Engineering, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, ChinaSchool of Ocean Engineering, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, ChinaSchool of Ocean Engineering, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, ChinaSchool of Ocean Engineering, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, ChinaIn this study, a hybrid heading control framework for unmanned surface vehicles (USVs) is proposed, combining variable domain fuzzy Proportional–Integral–Derivative (VUF-PID) with an improved algorithmic Beetle Antennae Search–Particle Swarm Optimization–Simulated Annealing (BAS-PSO-SA) optimization to address the multi-objective control challenge. Key innovations include a self-tuning VUF mechanism that improves disturbance rejection by 42%, a weighted adaptive optimization strategy that reduces parameter tuning iterations by 37%, and an asymmetric learning factor that balances global exploration and local refinement. Benchmarks using Rastrigin, Griewank, and Sphere functions show superior convergence and 68% stability improvement. Ocean heading simulations of a 7.02 m unmanned surface vehicle (USV) using the Nomoto model show a 91.7% reduction in stabilization time, a 0.9% reduction in overshoot, and a 30% reduction in optimization iterations. The experimental validation under wind and wave disturbances shows that the heading deviation is less than 0.0392°, meeting the IMO MSC.1/Circ.1580 standard, and an 89.5% improvement in energy efficiency. Although the processing time is 12.7% longer compared to the GRO approach, this framework lays a solid foundation for ship autonomy systems, and future enhancements will focus on MPC-based time delay compensation and Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) acceleration.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/13/3/558unmanned surface vehicles (USVs)heading controlBAS-PSO-SA optimizationvariable universe fuzzy PIDco-evolutionary algorithmsenergy-efficient steering
spellingShingle Huixia Zhang
Zhao Zhao
Yuchen Wei
Yitong Liu
Wenyang Wu
A Self-Tuning Variable Universe Fuzzy PID Control Framework with Hybrid BAS-PSO-SA Optimization for Unmanned Surface Vehicles
Journal of Marine Science and Engineering
unmanned surface vehicles (USVs)
heading control
BAS-PSO-SA optimization
variable universe fuzzy PID
co-evolutionary algorithms
energy-efficient steering
title A Self-Tuning Variable Universe Fuzzy PID Control Framework with Hybrid BAS-PSO-SA Optimization for Unmanned Surface Vehicles
title_full A Self-Tuning Variable Universe Fuzzy PID Control Framework with Hybrid BAS-PSO-SA Optimization for Unmanned Surface Vehicles
title_fullStr A Self-Tuning Variable Universe Fuzzy PID Control Framework with Hybrid BAS-PSO-SA Optimization for Unmanned Surface Vehicles
title_full_unstemmed A Self-Tuning Variable Universe Fuzzy PID Control Framework with Hybrid BAS-PSO-SA Optimization for Unmanned Surface Vehicles
title_short A Self-Tuning Variable Universe Fuzzy PID Control Framework with Hybrid BAS-PSO-SA Optimization for Unmanned Surface Vehicles
title_sort self tuning variable universe fuzzy pid control framework with hybrid bas pso sa optimization for unmanned surface vehicles
topic unmanned surface vehicles (USVs)
heading control
BAS-PSO-SA optimization
variable universe fuzzy PID
co-evolutionary algorithms
energy-efficient steering
url https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/13/3/558
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