An Innovative Inhibitor with a New Chemical Moiety Aimed at Biliverdin IXβ Reductase for Thrombocytopenia and Resilient against Cellular Degradation

Biliverdin IXβ reductase (BLVRB) has emerged as a promising therapeutic target for thrombocytopenia due to its involvement in reactive oxygen species (ROS) mechanisms. During the pursuit of inhibitors targeting BLVRB, olsalazine (OSA) became apparent as one of the most potent candidates. However, th...

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Main Authors: Hoe-Myung Jung, Jung-Hye Ha, Mark Vincent C. dela Cerna, Joseph A. Burlison, Joonhyeok Choi, Bo-Ram Kim, Jeong Kyu Bang, Kyoung-Seok Ryu, Donghan Lee
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-08-01
Series:Pharmaceutics
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/16/9/1148
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author Hoe-Myung Jung
Jung-Hye Ha
Mark Vincent C. dela Cerna
Joseph A. Burlison
Joonhyeok Choi
Bo-Ram Kim
Jeong Kyu Bang
Kyoung-Seok Ryu
Donghan Lee
author_facet Hoe-Myung Jung
Jung-Hye Ha
Mark Vincent C. dela Cerna
Joseph A. Burlison
Joonhyeok Choi
Bo-Ram Kim
Jeong Kyu Bang
Kyoung-Seok Ryu
Donghan Lee
author_sort Hoe-Myung Jung
collection DOAJ
description Biliverdin IXβ reductase (BLVRB) has emerged as a promising therapeutic target for thrombocytopenia due to its involvement in reactive oxygen species (ROS) mechanisms. During the pursuit of inhibitors targeting BLVRB, olsalazine (OSA) became apparent as one of the most potent candidates. However, the direct application of OSA as a BLVRB inhibitor faces challenges, as it is prone to degradation into 5-aminosalicylic acid through cleavage of the diazenyl bond by abundant azoreductase (AzoR) enzymes in gut microbiota and eukaryotic cells. To overcome this obstacle, we devised olsalkene (OSK), an inhibitor where the diazenyl bond in OSA has been substituted with an alkene bond. OSK not only matches the efficacy of OSA but also demonstrates improved stability against degradation by AzoR, presenting a promising solution to this limitation. Furthermore, we have found that both OSK and OSA inhibit BLVRB, regardless of the presence of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, unlike other known inhibitors. This discovery opens new avenues for investigating the roles of BLVRB in blood disorders, including thrombocytopenia.
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spelling doaj-art-d0c6a89005ea45e5a924a5479f1401492025-08-20T01:55:46ZengMDPI AGPharmaceutics1999-49232024-08-01169114810.3390/pharmaceutics16091148An Innovative Inhibitor with a New Chemical Moiety Aimed at Biliverdin IXβ Reductase for Thrombocytopenia and Resilient against Cellular DegradationHoe-Myung Jung0Jung-Hye Ha1Mark Vincent C. dela Cerna2Joseph A. Burlison3Joonhyeok Choi4Bo-Ram Kim5Jeong Kyu Bang6Kyoung-Seok Ryu7Donghan Lee8Korea Basic Science Institute, 162 Yeongudanji-Ro, Ochang-Eup, Cheongju-Si 28119, Republic of KoreaNew Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation (DGMIF), 80 Cheombok-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 41061, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Biochemistry, Chemistry and Physics, Georgia Southern University, 11935 Abercorn Street, Savannah, GA 31419, USADepartment of Medicine, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, 505 S. Hancock St., Louisville, KY 40202, USAKorea Basic Science Institute, 162 Yeongudanji-Ro, Ochang-Eup, Cheongju-Si 28119, Republic of KoreaKorea Basic Science Institute, 162 Yeongudanji-Ro, Ochang-Eup, Cheongju-Si 28119, Republic of KoreaKorea Basic Science Institute, 162 Yeongudanji-Ro, Ochang-Eup, Cheongju-Si 28119, Republic of KoreaKorea Basic Science Institute, 162 Yeongudanji-Ro, Ochang-Eup, Cheongju-Si 28119, Republic of KoreaKorea Basic Science Institute, 162 Yeongudanji-Ro, Ochang-Eup, Cheongju-Si 28119, Republic of KoreaBiliverdin IXβ reductase (BLVRB) has emerged as a promising therapeutic target for thrombocytopenia due to its involvement in reactive oxygen species (ROS) mechanisms. During the pursuit of inhibitors targeting BLVRB, olsalazine (OSA) became apparent as one of the most potent candidates. However, the direct application of OSA as a BLVRB inhibitor faces challenges, as it is prone to degradation into 5-aminosalicylic acid through cleavage of the diazenyl bond by abundant azoreductase (AzoR) enzymes in gut microbiota and eukaryotic cells. To overcome this obstacle, we devised olsalkene (OSK), an inhibitor where the diazenyl bond in OSA has been substituted with an alkene bond. OSK not only matches the efficacy of OSA but also demonstrates improved stability against degradation by AzoR, presenting a promising solution to this limitation. Furthermore, we have found that both OSK and OSA inhibit BLVRB, regardless of the presence of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, unlike other known inhibitors. This discovery opens new avenues for investigating the roles of BLVRB in blood disorders, including thrombocytopenia.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/16/9/1148biliverdin IXβ reductase-inhibitor complex structureazoreductase-resistant inhibitorthrombocytopeniaNMR spectroscopyX-ray crystallography
spellingShingle Hoe-Myung Jung
Jung-Hye Ha
Mark Vincent C. dela Cerna
Joseph A. Burlison
Joonhyeok Choi
Bo-Ram Kim
Jeong Kyu Bang
Kyoung-Seok Ryu
Donghan Lee
An Innovative Inhibitor with a New Chemical Moiety Aimed at Biliverdin IXβ Reductase for Thrombocytopenia and Resilient against Cellular Degradation
Pharmaceutics
biliverdin IXβ reductase-inhibitor complex structure
azoreductase-resistant inhibitor
thrombocytopenia
NMR spectroscopy
X-ray crystallography
title An Innovative Inhibitor with a New Chemical Moiety Aimed at Biliverdin IXβ Reductase for Thrombocytopenia and Resilient against Cellular Degradation
title_full An Innovative Inhibitor with a New Chemical Moiety Aimed at Biliverdin IXβ Reductase for Thrombocytopenia and Resilient against Cellular Degradation
title_fullStr An Innovative Inhibitor with a New Chemical Moiety Aimed at Biliverdin IXβ Reductase for Thrombocytopenia and Resilient against Cellular Degradation
title_full_unstemmed An Innovative Inhibitor with a New Chemical Moiety Aimed at Biliverdin IXβ Reductase for Thrombocytopenia and Resilient against Cellular Degradation
title_short An Innovative Inhibitor with a New Chemical Moiety Aimed at Biliverdin IXβ Reductase for Thrombocytopenia and Resilient against Cellular Degradation
title_sort innovative inhibitor with a new chemical moiety aimed at biliverdin ixβ reductase for thrombocytopenia and resilient against cellular degradation
topic biliverdin IXβ reductase-inhibitor complex structure
azoreductase-resistant inhibitor
thrombocytopenia
NMR spectroscopy
X-ray crystallography
url https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/16/9/1148
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