Techno-Commercial Evaluation of Renewable Energy-Based Power-to-X Plants: A Comparative Analysis of Grid-Connected Versus Islanded Facilities

Global warming has accelerated the transition towards clean and renewable energy (RE) resources. However, the intermittent nature of these resources presents challenges to their effective integration into power systems. A practical and sustainable solution involves storing the generated energy in en...

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Main Author: Seyedamin Valedsaravi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: IEEE 2025-01-01
Series:IEEE Access
Subjects:
Online Access:https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10887194/
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author Seyedamin Valedsaravi
author_facet Seyedamin Valedsaravi
author_sort Seyedamin Valedsaravi
collection DOAJ
description Global warming has accelerated the transition towards clean and renewable energy (RE) resources. However, the intermittent nature of these resources presents challenges to their effective integration into power systems. A practical and sustainable solution involves storing the generated energy in energy storage systems (ESS) or converting it into renewable fuels and chemicals through power-to-x (PtX) processes. The latter has gained increased attention because of its ability to stabilize energy systems over extended periods. The application of PtX enables decarbonization of sectors in which direct electrification is challenging. PtX microgrids (MG) can operate in either grid-connected/on-grid or islanded/off-grid modes. Each operation mode requires specific equipment and strategies to ensure the power balance, stability, and resilience within the power system. Choosing the optimal operational mode for a PtX MG can be complex, because the on-grid and off-grid configurations differ significantly in terms of both technical performance and financial viability. Therefore, this paper presents a techno-commercial comparative assessment of a real industrial RE-based PtX MG, focusing on hydrogen (H2) production plants, under both operational modes. First, the essential components of the PtX MG and additional equipment required for each mode are introduced. Second, financial analysis evaluates the contribution of various equipment costs to the total equipment cost. Finally, the steady-state and transient performances of the on-grid and off-grid PtX MG are compared. These include load flow analysis (LFA), short circuit analysis (SCA), harmonic flow analysis (HFA), and low-voltage ride-through (LVRT) simulations. The PtX MG power system is modeled using PowerFactory software.
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spelling doaj-art-d0c459564b834c14a4a77feeab2bd8022025-08-20T03:15:27ZengIEEEIEEE Access2169-35362025-01-0113374083742210.1109/ACCESS.2025.354219510887194Techno-Commercial Evaluation of Renewable Energy-Based Power-to-X Plants: A Comparative Analysis of Grid-Connected Versus Islanded FacilitiesSeyedamin Valedsaravi0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1526-6501Worley Consulting, Power and New Energy, Europe, Middle East and Africa (EMEA), Sydney, AustraliaGlobal warming has accelerated the transition towards clean and renewable energy (RE) resources. However, the intermittent nature of these resources presents challenges to their effective integration into power systems. A practical and sustainable solution involves storing the generated energy in energy storage systems (ESS) or converting it into renewable fuels and chemicals through power-to-x (PtX) processes. The latter has gained increased attention because of its ability to stabilize energy systems over extended periods. The application of PtX enables decarbonization of sectors in which direct electrification is challenging. PtX microgrids (MG) can operate in either grid-connected/on-grid or islanded/off-grid modes. Each operation mode requires specific equipment and strategies to ensure the power balance, stability, and resilience within the power system. Choosing the optimal operational mode for a PtX MG can be complex, because the on-grid and off-grid configurations differ significantly in terms of both technical performance and financial viability. Therefore, this paper presents a techno-commercial comparative assessment of a real industrial RE-based PtX MG, focusing on hydrogen (H2) production plants, under both operational modes. First, the essential components of the PtX MG and additional equipment required for each mode are introduced. Second, financial analysis evaluates the contribution of various equipment costs to the total equipment cost. Finally, the steady-state and transient performances of the on-grid and off-grid PtX MG are compared. These include load flow analysis (LFA), short circuit analysis (SCA), harmonic flow analysis (HFA), and low-voltage ride-through (LVRT) simulations. The PtX MG power system is modeled using PowerFactory software.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10887194/Power-to-X (PtX)hydrogen (H₂)off-gridon-gridbattery energy storage system (BESS)synchronous condenser (SC)
spellingShingle Seyedamin Valedsaravi
Techno-Commercial Evaluation of Renewable Energy-Based Power-to-X Plants: A Comparative Analysis of Grid-Connected Versus Islanded Facilities
IEEE Access
Power-to-X (PtX)
hydrogen (H₂)
off-grid
on-grid
battery energy storage system (BESS)
synchronous condenser (SC)
title Techno-Commercial Evaluation of Renewable Energy-Based Power-to-X Plants: A Comparative Analysis of Grid-Connected Versus Islanded Facilities
title_full Techno-Commercial Evaluation of Renewable Energy-Based Power-to-X Plants: A Comparative Analysis of Grid-Connected Versus Islanded Facilities
title_fullStr Techno-Commercial Evaluation of Renewable Energy-Based Power-to-X Plants: A Comparative Analysis of Grid-Connected Versus Islanded Facilities
title_full_unstemmed Techno-Commercial Evaluation of Renewable Energy-Based Power-to-X Plants: A Comparative Analysis of Grid-Connected Versus Islanded Facilities
title_short Techno-Commercial Evaluation of Renewable Energy-Based Power-to-X Plants: A Comparative Analysis of Grid-Connected Versus Islanded Facilities
title_sort techno commercial evaluation of renewable energy based power to x plants a comparative analysis of grid connected versus islanded facilities
topic Power-to-X (PtX)
hydrogen (H₂)
off-grid
on-grid
battery energy storage system (BESS)
synchronous condenser (SC)
url https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10887194/
work_keys_str_mv AT seyedaminvaledsaravi technocommercialevaluationofrenewableenergybasedpowertoxplantsacomparativeanalysisofgridconnectedversusislandedfacilities