Durability of Active Surveillance for Localized Renal Masses: 3-year Outcomes in the Michigan Urological Surgery Improvement Collaborative

Background and objective: In Michigan, around 50% of patients with localized renal masses of ≤7 cm (cT1RMs) are managed without immediate intervention, contradicting previous reports indicating active surveillance (AS) rates of <10–20%. Questions remain regarding the durability of AS when applied...

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Main Authors: Yuzhi Wang, Samantha Wilder, Monica Van Til, Mackenzie Gammons, Mahin Mirza, Sabrina L. Noyes, Mohammad Jafri, Brian Seifman, Khurshid R. Ghani, Alice Semerjian, Craig G. Rogers, Brian R. Lane
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-05-01
Series:European Urology Open Science
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666168325000783
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author Yuzhi Wang
Samantha Wilder
Monica Van Til
Mackenzie Gammons
Mahin Mirza
Sabrina L. Noyes
Mohammad Jafri
Brian Seifman
Khurshid R. Ghani
Alice Semerjian
Craig G. Rogers
Brian R. Lane
author_facet Yuzhi Wang
Samantha Wilder
Monica Van Til
Mackenzie Gammons
Mahin Mirza
Sabrina L. Noyes
Mohammad Jafri
Brian Seifman
Khurshid R. Ghani
Alice Semerjian
Craig G. Rogers
Brian R. Lane
author_sort Yuzhi Wang
collection DOAJ
description Background and objective: In Michigan, around 50% of patients with localized renal masses of ≤7 cm (cT1RMs) are managed without immediate intervention, contradicting previous reports indicating active surveillance (AS) rates of <10–20%. Questions remain regarding the durability of AS when applied so broadly. We evaluated the oncologic outcomes of patients at 1, 2, and 3 yr after the initiation of AS, including survival and delayed intervention rates, hypothesizing that these will be comparable to prior reports. Methods: Between May 2017 and September 2023, data regarding 2161 (52% of 4178) patients with cT1RMs who initiated AS at Michigan Urological Surgery Improvement Collaborative (MUSIC) practices were reviewed. Factors associated with staying on AS were analyzed. Overall survival and the cumulative incidence of treatment were assessed using the Kaplan-Meier method. Key findings and limitations: In total, 2161 patients from 21 practices initiated AS, including 51% with tumors of ≤2 cm, 26% with tumors of 2.1–3.0 cm, and 24% with tumors of 3.1–7.0 cm. At 36 mo, overall survival was 90%, with metastasis and death from kidney cancer in only one patient who refused intervention. The cumulative incidence rates of treatment were 6%, 11%, and 13% at 1, 2, and 3 yr, respectively, with 9.6% for ≤2 cm, 16% for 2.1–3.0 cm, and 18% for >3 cm tumors at 3 yr. Limitations include the study’s retrospective review of prospectively enrolled data limiting conclusions beyond 3 yr of follow-up. Conclusions and clinical implications: MUSIC practices initiate AS for >50% of patients with 13% incidence of delayed intervention and <1% incidence of metastasis within 3 yr, indicating that AS is a safe and durable option for many patients with cT1RMs. Further investigations into imaging protocols and longer-term outcomes of AS are warranted. Patient summary: In Michigan, most patients diagnosed with localized renal masses of <4 cm and some with tumors up to 7 cm in size elect active surveillance (AS), with a 13% cumulative incidence of undergoing intervention within 3 yr of detection. At 3 yr after initiating AS, the cohort had 90% overall survival and >99% cancer-specific survival, indicating that AS is a safe and durable strategy.
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spelling doaj-art-d0c0da5a3f8f4edda96173e00a0042102025-08-20T02:30:15ZengElsevierEuropean Urology Open Science2666-16832025-05-0175111910.1016/j.euros.2025.02.005Durability of Active Surveillance for Localized Renal Masses: 3-year Outcomes in the Michigan Urological Surgery Improvement CollaborativeYuzhi Wang0Samantha Wilder1Monica Van Til2Mackenzie Gammons3Mahin Mirza4Sabrina L. Noyes5Mohammad Jafri6Brian Seifman7Khurshid R. Ghani8Alice Semerjian9Craig G. Rogers10Brian R. Lane11Vattikuti Urology Institute, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI, USAVattikuti Urology Institute, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI, USADepartment of Urology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USADepartment of Urology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USADepartment of Urology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USACorewell Health Hospital System, Grand Rapids, MI, USAComprehensive Urology, Royal Oak, MI, USAMichigan Institute of Urology, Troy, MI, USADepartment of Urology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USADepartment of Urology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USAVattikuti Urology Institute, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI, USACorewell Health Hospital System, Grand Rapids, MI, USA; Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Grand Rapids, MI, USA; Corresponding author. Division of Urology, Corewell Health Medical Group West, 145 Michigan Street NE, Suite 5120, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA. Tel. +1 616 267 7333; Fax: +1 616 267 8040.Background and objective: In Michigan, around 50% of patients with localized renal masses of ≤7 cm (cT1RMs) are managed without immediate intervention, contradicting previous reports indicating active surveillance (AS) rates of <10–20%. Questions remain regarding the durability of AS when applied so broadly. We evaluated the oncologic outcomes of patients at 1, 2, and 3 yr after the initiation of AS, including survival and delayed intervention rates, hypothesizing that these will be comparable to prior reports. Methods: Between May 2017 and September 2023, data regarding 2161 (52% of 4178) patients with cT1RMs who initiated AS at Michigan Urological Surgery Improvement Collaborative (MUSIC) practices were reviewed. Factors associated with staying on AS were analyzed. Overall survival and the cumulative incidence of treatment were assessed using the Kaplan-Meier method. Key findings and limitations: In total, 2161 patients from 21 practices initiated AS, including 51% with tumors of ≤2 cm, 26% with tumors of 2.1–3.0 cm, and 24% with tumors of 3.1–7.0 cm. At 36 mo, overall survival was 90%, with metastasis and death from kidney cancer in only one patient who refused intervention. The cumulative incidence rates of treatment were 6%, 11%, and 13% at 1, 2, and 3 yr, respectively, with 9.6% for ≤2 cm, 16% for 2.1–3.0 cm, and 18% for >3 cm tumors at 3 yr. Limitations include the study’s retrospective review of prospectively enrolled data limiting conclusions beyond 3 yr of follow-up. Conclusions and clinical implications: MUSIC practices initiate AS for >50% of patients with 13% incidence of delayed intervention and <1% incidence of metastasis within 3 yr, indicating that AS is a safe and durable option for many patients with cT1RMs. Further investigations into imaging protocols and longer-term outcomes of AS are warranted. Patient summary: In Michigan, most patients diagnosed with localized renal masses of <4 cm and some with tumors up to 7 cm in size elect active surveillance (AS), with a 13% cumulative incidence of undergoing intervention within 3 yr of detection. At 3 yr after initiating AS, the cohort had 90% overall survival and >99% cancer-specific survival, indicating that AS is a safe and durable strategy.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666168325000783Active surveillanceDelayed interventionKidney cancer
spellingShingle Yuzhi Wang
Samantha Wilder
Monica Van Til
Mackenzie Gammons
Mahin Mirza
Sabrina L. Noyes
Mohammad Jafri
Brian Seifman
Khurshid R. Ghani
Alice Semerjian
Craig G. Rogers
Brian R. Lane
Durability of Active Surveillance for Localized Renal Masses: 3-year Outcomes in the Michigan Urological Surgery Improvement Collaborative
European Urology Open Science
Active surveillance
Delayed intervention
Kidney cancer
title Durability of Active Surveillance for Localized Renal Masses: 3-year Outcomes in the Michigan Urological Surgery Improvement Collaborative
title_full Durability of Active Surveillance for Localized Renal Masses: 3-year Outcomes in the Michigan Urological Surgery Improvement Collaborative
title_fullStr Durability of Active Surveillance for Localized Renal Masses: 3-year Outcomes in the Michigan Urological Surgery Improvement Collaborative
title_full_unstemmed Durability of Active Surveillance for Localized Renal Masses: 3-year Outcomes in the Michigan Urological Surgery Improvement Collaborative
title_short Durability of Active Surveillance for Localized Renal Masses: 3-year Outcomes in the Michigan Urological Surgery Improvement Collaborative
title_sort durability of active surveillance for localized renal masses 3 year outcomes in the michigan urological surgery improvement collaborative
topic Active surveillance
Delayed intervention
Kidney cancer
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666168325000783
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