YOLO-SUMAS: Improved Printed Circuit Board Defect Detection and Identification Research Based on YOLOv8

Aiming at the demand for defect detection accuracy and efficiency under the trend of high-density and integration in printed circuit board (PCB) manufacturing, this paper proposes an improved YOLOv8n model (YOLO-SUMAS), which enhances detection performance through multi-module collaborative optimiza...

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Main Authors: Ying Tang, Runhao Liu, Sheng Wang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-04-01
Series:Micromachines
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/16/5/509
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author Ying Tang
Runhao Liu
Sheng Wang
author_facet Ying Tang
Runhao Liu
Sheng Wang
author_sort Ying Tang
collection DOAJ
description Aiming at the demand for defect detection accuracy and efficiency under the trend of high-density and integration in printed circuit board (PCB) manufacturing, this paper proposes an improved YOLOv8n model (YOLO-SUMAS), which enhances detection performance through multi-module collaborative optimization. The model introduces the SCSA attention mechanism, which improves the feature expression capability through spatial and channel synergistic attention; adopts the Unified-IoU loss function, combined with the dynamic bounding box scaling and bi-directional weight allocation strategy, to optimize the accuracy of high-quality target localization; integrates the MobileNetV4 lightweight architecture and its MobileMQA attention module, which reduces the computational complexity and improves the inference speed; and combines ASF-SDI Neck structure with weighted bi-directional feature pyramid and multi-level semantic detail fusion to strengthen small target detection capability. The experiments are based on public datasets, and the results show that the improved model achieves 98.8% precision and 99.2% recall, and mAP@50 reached 99.1%, significantly better than the original YOLOv8n and other mainstream models. YOLO-SUMAS provides a highly efficient industrial-grade PCB defect detection solution by considering high precision and real-time performance while maintaining lightweight characteristics.
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spelling doaj-art-d0ab457fdd024a12bc5af44a155631a92025-08-20T03:14:29ZengMDPI AGMicromachines2072-666X2025-04-0116550910.3390/mi16050509YOLO-SUMAS: Improved Printed Circuit Board Defect Detection and Identification Research Based on YOLOv8Ying Tang0Runhao Liu1Sheng Wang2School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, ChinaSchool of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, ChinaSchool of Computer and Network Security, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, ChinaAiming at the demand for defect detection accuracy and efficiency under the trend of high-density and integration in printed circuit board (PCB) manufacturing, this paper proposes an improved YOLOv8n model (YOLO-SUMAS), which enhances detection performance through multi-module collaborative optimization. The model introduces the SCSA attention mechanism, which improves the feature expression capability through spatial and channel synergistic attention; adopts the Unified-IoU loss function, combined with the dynamic bounding box scaling and bi-directional weight allocation strategy, to optimize the accuracy of high-quality target localization; integrates the MobileNetV4 lightweight architecture and its MobileMQA attention module, which reduces the computational complexity and improves the inference speed; and combines ASF-SDI Neck structure with weighted bi-directional feature pyramid and multi-level semantic detail fusion to strengthen small target detection capability. The experiments are based on public datasets, and the results show that the improved model achieves 98.8% precision and 99.2% recall, and mAP@50 reached 99.1%, significantly better than the original YOLOv8n and other mainstream models. YOLO-SUMAS provides a highly efficient industrial-grade PCB defect detection solution by considering high precision and real-time performance while maintaining lightweight characteristics.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/16/5/509defect detectionYOLOv8nPCBdeep learningmulti-scale feature fusion
spellingShingle Ying Tang
Runhao Liu
Sheng Wang
YOLO-SUMAS: Improved Printed Circuit Board Defect Detection and Identification Research Based on YOLOv8
Micromachines
defect detection
YOLOv8n
PCB
deep learning
multi-scale feature fusion
title YOLO-SUMAS: Improved Printed Circuit Board Defect Detection and Identification Research Based on YOLOv8
title_full YOLO-SUMAS: Improved Printed Circuit Board Defect Detection and Identification Research Based on YOLOv8
title_fullStr YOLO-SUMAS: Improved Printed Circuit Board Defect Detection and Identification Research Based on YOLOv8
title_full_unstemmed YOLO-SUMAS: Improved Printed Circuit Board Defect Detection and Identification Research Based on YOLOv8
title_short YOLO-SUMAS: Improved Printed Circuit Board Defect Detection and Identification Research Based on YOLOv8
title_sort yolo sumas improved printed circuit board defect detection and identification research based on yolov8
topic defect detection
YOLOv8n
PCB
deep learning
multi-scale feature fusion
url https://www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/16/5/509
work_keys_str_mv AT yingtang yolosumasimprovedprintedcircuitboarddefectdetectionandidentificationresearchbasedonyolov8
AT runhaoliu yolosumasimprovedprintedcircuitboarddefectdetectionandidentificationresearchbasedonyolov8
AT shengwang yolosumasimprovedprintedcircuitboarddefectdetectionandidentificationresearchbasedonyolov8