Urinary and plasma donor-derived cell-free DNA for noninvasive monitoring of BK polyomavirus-associated nephropathy in kidney transplant recipients: a prospective cohort study

Background BK polyomavirus-associated nephropathy (BKPyVAN) is a major cause of allograft injury and dysfunction in kidney transplant recipients. Current monitoring tools, including viremia and biopsy, have limitations in sensitivity, invasiveness, and timing.Objective To evaluate donor-derived cell...

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Main Authors: Luying Guo, Sulin Luo, Rongfang Shen, Pengpeng Yan, Meifang Wang, Tianlu Zhang, Junhao Lv, Guangjun Liu, Hongfeng Huang, Zhimin Chen, Huiping Wang, Wenhan Peng, Jianyong Wu, Jianghua Chen, Rending Wang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Taylor & Francis Group 2025-12-01
Series:Renal Failure
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Online Access:https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/0886022X.2025.2521452
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author Luying Guo
Sulin Luo
Rongfang Shen
Pengpeng Yan
Meifang Wang
Tianlu Zhang
Junhao Lv
Guangjun Liu
Hongfeng Huang
Zhimin Chen
Huiping Wang
Wenhan Peng
Jianyong Wu
Jianghua Chen
Rending Wang
author_facet Luying Guo
Sulin Luo
Rongfang Shen
Pengpeng Yan
Meifang Wang
Tianlu Zhang
Junhao Lv
Guangjun Liu
Hongfeng Huang
Zhimin Chen
Huiping Wang
Wenhan Peng
Jianyong Wu
Jianghua Chen
Rending Wang
author_sort Luying Guo
collection DOAJ
description Background BK polyomavirus-associated nephropathy (BKPyVAN) is a major cause of allograft injury and dysfunction in kidney transplant recipients. Current monitoring tools, including viremia and biopsy, have limitations in sensitivity, invasiveness, and timing.Objective To evaluate donor-derived cell-free DNA (dd-cfDNA) in urine and plasma as a dynamic, noninvasive biomarker for monitoring treatment response and predicting rejection risk in patients with biopsy-proven BKPyVAN.Methods In this prospective cohort study, 25 kidney transplant recipients with biopsy-proved BKPyVAN were enrolled and stratified into two cohorts: conventional immunosuppression reduction (CISR, n = 20) and early immunosuppression reduction (EISR, n = 5). A total of 224 urine and plasma samples were collected before biopsy and at 1, 2, 3, and 6 months post-biopsy. dd-cfDNA levels were quantified and correlated with histological features and clinical outcomes.Results Urinary dd-cfDNA levels significantly declined in the CISR cohort by month 2 (p < 0.01), preceding changes in creatinine and BKPyV reads. In the EISR cohort, urinary dd-cfDNA levels remained stable, suggesting early therapeutic response. Plasma dd-cfDNA effectively identified acute rejection, with elevations in two CISR patients. Histologic injury patterns, including edema and cast formation, correlated with urinary dd-cfDNA concentrations (r = 0.44–0.51, p < 0.05).Conclusion Combined urinary and plasma dd-cfDNA measurements are promising for noninvasive, dynamic surveillance of BKPyVAN and rejection risk in kidney transplant recipients. Larger, multicenter studies are warranted to define clinical thresholds and standardize integration into immunosuppression management.
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spelling doaj-art-d0a75d6e12a944e39a8229b61dffa3082025-08-20T03:27:51ZengTaylor & Francis GroupRenal Failure0886-022X1525-60492025-12-0147110.1080/0886022X.2025.2521452Urinary and plasma donor-derived cell-free DNA for noninvasive monitoring of BK polyomavirus-associated nephropathy in kidney transplant recipients: a prospective cohort studyLuying Guo0Sulin Luo1Rongfang Shen2Pengpeng Yan3Meifang Wang4Tianlu Zhang5Junhao Lv6Guangjun Liu7Hongfeng Huang8Zhimin Chen9Huiping Wang10Wenhan Peng11Jianyong Wu12Jianghua Chen13Rending Wang14Kidney Disease Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, ChinaKidney Disease Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, ChinaKidney Disease Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, ChinaKidney Disease Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, ChinaKidney Disease Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, ChinaKidney Disease Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, ChinaKidney Disease Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, ChinaKidney Disease Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, ChinaKidney Disease Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, ChinaKidney Disease Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, ChinaKidney Disease Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, ChinaKidney Disease Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, ChinaKidney Disease Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, ChinaKidney Disease Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, ChinaKidney Disease Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, ChinaBackground BK polyomavirus-associated nephropathy (BKPyVAN) is a major cause of allograft injury and dysfunction in kidney transplant recipients. Current monitoring tools, including viremia and biopsy, have limitations in sensitivity, invasiveness, and timing.Objective To evaluate donor-derived cell-free DNA (dd-cfDNA) in urine and plasma as a dynamic, noninvasive biomarker for monitoring treatment response and predicting rejection risk in patients with biopsy-proven BKPyVAN.Methods In this prospective cohort study, 25 kidney transplant recipients with biopsy-proved BKPyVAN were enrolled and stratified into two cohorts: conventional immunosuppression reduction (CISR, n = 20) and early immunosuppression reduction (EISR, n = 5). A total of 224 urine and plasma samples were collected before biopsy and at 1, 2, 3, and 6 months post-biopsy. dd-cfDNA levels were quantified and correlated with histological features and clinical outcomes.Results Urinary dd-cfDNA levels significantly declined in the CISR cohort by month 2 (p < 0.01), preceding changes in creatinine and BKPyV reads. In the EISR cohort, urinary dd-cfDNA levels remained stable, suggesting early therapeutic response. Plasma dd-cfDNA effectively identified acute rejection, with elevations in two CISR patients. Histologic injury patterns, including edema and cast formation, correlated with urinary dd-cfDNA concentrations (r = 0.44–0.51, p < 0.05).Conclusion Combined urinary and plasma dd-cfDNA measurements are promising for noninvasive, dynamic surveillance of BKPyVAN and rejection risk in kidney transplant recipients. Larger, multicenter studies are warranted to define clinical thresholds and standardize integration into immunosuppression management.https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/0886022X.2025.2521452BKPyVANkidney transplantationdonor-derived cell-free DNAallograft rejectiondynamic surveillance
spellingShingle Luying Guo
Sulin Luo
Rongfang Shen
Pengpeng Yan
Meifang Wang
Tianlu Zhang
Junhao Lv
Guangjun Liu
Hongfeng Huang
Zhimin Chen
Huiping Wang
Wenhan Peng
Jianyong Wu
Jianghua Chen
Rending Wang
Urinary and plasma donor-derived cell-free DNA for noninvasive monitoring of BK polyomavirus-associated nephropathy in kidney transplant recipients: a prospective cohort study
Renal Failure
BKPyVAN
kidney transplantation
donor-derived cell-free DNA
allograft rejection
dynamic surveillance
title Urinary and plasma donor-derived cell-free DNA for noninvasive monitoring of BK polyomavirus-associated nephropathy in kidney transplant recipients: a prospective cohort study
title_full Urinary and plasma donor-derived cell-free DNA for noninvasive monitoring of BK polyomavirus-associated nephropathy in kidney transplant recipients: a prospective cohort study
title_fullStr Urinary and plasma donor-derived cell-free DNA for noninvasive monitoring of BK polyomavirus-associated nephropathy in kidney transplant recipients: a prospective cohort study
title_full_unstemmed Urinary and plasma donor-derived cell-free DNA for noninvasive monitoring of BK polyomavirus-associated nephropathy in kidney transplant recipients: a prospective cohort study
title_short Urinary and plasma donor-derived cell-free DNA for noninvasive monitoring of BK polyomavirus-associated nephropathy in kidney transplant recipients: a prospective cohort study
title_sort urinary and plasma donor derived cell free dna for noninvasive monitoring of bk polyomavirus associated nephropathy in kidney transplant recipients a prospective cohort study
topic BKPyVAN
kidney transplantation
donor-derived cell-free DNA
allograft rejection
dynamic surveillance
url https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/0886022X.2025.2521452
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