The human RIF1-Long isoform interacts with BRCA1 to promote recombinational fork repair under DNA replication stress

Abstract RIF1 is a multifunctional protein that regulates DNA replication and repair. RIF1-deficient cells are hypersensitive to DNA replication stress. Of the two alternatively spliced RIF1 isoforms, called RIF1-Short and RIF1-Long, the RIF1-Long isoform is more capable than RIF1-Short in supportin...

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Main Authors: Qianqian Dong, Matthew Day, Yuichiro Saito, Emma Parker, Lotte P. Watts, Masato T. Kanemaki, Antony W. Oliver, Laurence H. Pearl, Shin-ichiro Hiraga, Anne D. Donaldson
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-07-01
Series:Nature Communications
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-60817-y
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Summary:Abstract RIF1 is a multifunctional protein that regulates DNA replication and repair. RIF1-deficient cells are hypersensitive to DNA replication stress. Of the two alternatively spliced RIF1 isoforms, called RIF1-Short and RIF1-Long, the RIF1-Long isoform is more capable than RIF1-Short in supporting cell recovery from replication stress. Examining replication stress resistance mechanisms specific to RIF1-Long, we find that prolonged replication stress unexpectedly induces interaction of RIF1-Long with BRCA1. Mechanistically, a phosphorylated SPKF motif unique to the RIF1-Long isoform binds the tandem BRCT domain of BRCA1. BRCA1–RIF1-Long interaction is strongly down-regulated through dephosphorylation by RIF1-associated Protein Phosphatase 1. BRCA1–RIF1-Long interaction requires ATR signaling, and occurs predominantly during S phase. Loss of RIF1-Long impairs the formation of RAD51 foci, and reduces the efficiency of homology-mediated repair at broken replication forks. In summary, our investigation establishes RIF1-Long as a new functional binding partner of the BRCA1-BRCT domain, crucial to protect cells from extended DNA replication stress by enabling RAD51-dependent repair of broken replication forks.
ISSN:2041-1723