Demographic, clinical, and laboratory characteristics of two cases of clinically isolated syndrome in a tertiary care teaching hospital

Most of the patients with multiple sclerosis present initially as radiologically isolated syndrome followed by clinically isolated syndrome (CIS). To prevent long-term progression to multiple sclerosis, it is essential to differentiate CIS from other neurological disorders. We present two cases that...

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Main Authors: S. Ramesh Kannan, Shashikala Nair, Nayyar Iqbal, Priya Thomas, Shobana Sundaram
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications 2025-01-01
Series:Journal of Current Research in Scientific Medicine
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Online Access:https://journals.lww.com/10.4103/jcrsm.jcrsm_63_24
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author S. Ramesh Kannan
Shashikala Nair
Nayyar Iqbal
Priya Thomas
Shobana Sundaram
author_facet S. Ramesh Kannan
Shashikala Nair
Nayyar Iqbal
Priya Thomas
Shobana Sundaram
author_sort S. Ramesh Kannan
collection DOAJ
description Most of the patients with multiple sclerosis present initially as radiologically isolated syndrome followed by clinically isolated syndrome (CIS). To prevent long-term progression to multiple sclerosis, it is essential to differentiate CIS from other neurological disorders. We present two cases that were clinically diagnosed to have CIS. The patients were subjected to blood tests such as vasculitic markers, urine tests, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and visual evoked potentials (VEP). Both the patients were middle-aged, a male and a female, and revealed evidence of demyelinating lesions of the optic nerve, subcortical, brainstem, and spinal cord in the VEP and MRI. The male patient had CSF being negative for oligoclonal bands and revealed no evidence of seromarkers such as antinuclear antibody, anti-myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein, and anti-aquaporin protein-4 antibodies which could explain the MRI findings. The female patient revealed demyelinating subcortical frontal and parietal lesions. She had prolonged P100 latencies suggesting optic nerve demyelination. We suggest to have a high index of suspicion about demyelinating disorders in tertiary care hospitals in the developing world, and to create awareness among the referring physicians which could help them in the early identification of patients with CIS, and prevent conversion of these patients with CIS to clinically definite multiple sclerosis with severe morbidity.
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spelling doaj-art-d07babbeb8464ed2a5dbd90380670c9e2025-08-20T02:42:25ZengWolters Kluwer Medknow PublicationsJournal of Current Research in Scientific Medicine2542-62732455-30692025-01-01111697110.4103/jcrsm.jcrsm_63_24Demographic, clinical, and laboratory characteristics of two cases of clinically isolated syndrome in a tertiary care teaching hospitalS. Ramesh KannanShashikala NairNayyar IqbalPriya ThomasShobana SundaramMost of the patients with multiple sclerosis present initially as radiologically isolated syndrome followed by clinically isolated syndrome (CIS). To prevent long-term progression to multiple sclerosis, it is essential to differentiate CIS from other neurological disorders. We present two cases that were clinically diagnosed to have CIS. The patients were subjected to blood tests such as vasculitic markers, urine tests, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and visual evoked potentials (VEP). Both the patients were middle-aged, a male and a female, and revealed evidence of demyelinating lesions of the optic nerve, subcortical, brainstem, and spinal cord in the VEP and MRI. The male patient had CSF being negative for oligoclonal bands and revealed no evidence of seromarkers such as antinuclear antibody, anti-myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein, and anti-aquaporin protein-4 antibodies which could explain the MRI findings. The female patient revealed demyelinating subcortical frontal and parietal lesions. She had prolonged P100 latencies suggesting optic nerve demyelination. We suggest to have a high index of suspicion about demyelinating disorders in tertiary care hospitals in the developing world, and to create awareness among the referring physicians which could help them in the early identification of patients with CIS, and prevent conversion of these patients with CIS to clinically definite multiple sclerosis with severe morbidity.https://journals.lww.com/10.4103/jcrsm.jcrsm_63_24clinically isolated syndromedemyelinationmultiple sclerosis
spellingShingle S. Ramesh Kannan
Shashikala Nair
Nayyar Iqbal
Priya Thomas
Shobana Sundaram
Demographic, clinical, and laboratory characteristics of two cases of clinically isolated syndrome in a tertiary care teaching hospital
Journal of Current Research in Scientific Medicine
clinically isolated syndrome
demyelination
multiple sclerosis
title Demographic, clinical, and laboratory characteristics of two cases of clinically isolated syndrome in a tertiary care teaching hospital
title_full Demographic, clinical, and laboratory characteristics of two cases of clinically isolated syndrome in a tertiary care teaching hospital
title_fullStr Demographic, clinical, and laboratory characteristics of two cases of clinically isolated syndrome in a tertiary care teaching hospital
title_full_unstemmed Demographic, clinical, and laboratory characteristics of two cases of clinically isolated syndrome in a tertiary care teaching hospital
title_short Demographic, clinical, and laboratory characteristics of two cases of clinically isolated syndrome in a tertiary care teaching hospital
title_sort demographic clinical and laboratory characteristics of two cases of clinically isolated syndrome in a tertiary care teaching hospital
topic clinically isolated syndrome
demyelination
multiple sclerosis
url https://journals.lww.com/10.4103/jcrsm.jcrsm_63_24
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