Early Changes in the Plasma Lipidome of People at Very High Cardiovascular Risk: A New Approach to Assessing the Risk of Cardiovascular Changes

<b>Background/Objectives:</b> Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of death worldwide and requires a deeper understanding of its pathogenesis for effective prevention and treatment. Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH), characterized by high levels of LDL cholesterol, is...

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Main Authors: Joanna Waś, Piotr Dobrowolski, Aleksander Prejbisz, Magdalena Niedolistek, Ilona Kowalik, Anna Drohomirecka, Dorota Sokołowska, Jolanta Krzysztoń-Russjan
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Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-03-01
Series:Biomedicines
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/13/3/643
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author Joanna Waś
Piotr Dobrowolski
Aleksander Prejbisz
Magdalena Niedolistek
Ilona Kowalik
Anna Drohomirecka
Dorota Sokołowska
Jolanta Krzysztoń-Russjan
author_facet Joanna Waś
Piotr Dobrowolski
Aleksander Prejbisz
Magdalena Niedolistek
Ilona Kowalik
Anna Drohomirecka
Dorota Sokołowska
Jolanta Krzysztoń-Russjan
author_sort Joanna Waś
collection DOAJ
description <b>Background/Objectives:</b> Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of death worldwide and requires a deeper understanding of its pathogenesis for effective prevention and treatment. Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH), characterized by high levels of LDL cholesterol, is a significant risk factor for CVD. FH background remains unexplained despite advances in genetic testing. The aim was identification early changes in the plasma lipidome of individuals at high cardiovascular risk (HCVR) using liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. <b>Methods</b>: The lipidomic analysis examined over 400 compounds. Twenty individuals with suspected FH, very high cardiovascular risk (VHCVR), and undetectable mutations in the <i>LDLR</i>, <i>APOB</i>, or <i>PCSK9</i> genes were compared to control group in a qualitative-quantitative analysis. <b>Results</b>: Multivariate analyses revealed statistically significant alterations in glycerophospholipids (GC), with a notable increase in phosphatidylcholines ((O-36:0/16:0), OR (95% CI): 1.246 (1.042–1.490), <i>p</i> = 0.0157), phosphatidylethanolamines ((O-40:7/22:6), OR (95% CI): 1.119 (1.039–1.205), <i>p</i> = 0.0028), and phosphatidylglycerol ((40:8/20:4), OR (95% CI): 1.053 (1.008–1.101), <i>p</i> = 0.0219) only in patients with HCVR. These changes, particularly in major classes of GC, underscored their potential as biomarkers for early assessment of cardiovascular risk. Lipidomic profiling revealed associations between specific lipid species and the comorbidities of arterial hypertension, atherosclerosis, and insulin resistance, implicating their role in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). <b>Conclusions</b>: This study points early changes in the plasma lipidome in individuals at HCVR, underline potential biomarkers, therapeutic targets for ASCVD, and offer opportunities to improve ASCVD diagnosis, therapy, and risk management strategies through detailed personalized medical approach.
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spelling doaj-art-d07b9ca90bbc423ba303449b5145ad9d2025-08-20T03:43:10ZengMDPI AGBiomedicines2227-90592025-03-0113364310.3390/biomedicines13030643Early Changes in the Plasma Lipidome of People at Very High Cardiovascular Risk: A New Approach to Assessing the Risk of Cardiovascular ChangesJoanna Waś0Piotr Dobrowolski1Aleksander Prejbisz2Magdalena Niedolistek3Ilona Kowalik4Anna Drohomirecka5Dorota Sokołowska6Jolanta Krzysztoń-Russjan7Department of Medical Biology, National Institute of Cardiology, State Research Institute, 42 Alpejska Str., 04-628 Warsaw, PolandDepartment of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, State Research Institute, 42 Alpejska Str., 04-628 Warsaw, PolandDepartment of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, State Research Institute, 42 Alpejska Str., 04-628 Warsaw, PolandDepartment of Medical Biology, National Institute of Cardiology, State Research Institute, 42 Alpejska Str., 04-628 Warsaw, PolandClinical Research Support Centre, National Institute of Cardiology, State Research Institute, 42 Alpejska Str., 04-628 Warsaw, PolandHeart Failure and Transplantology Clinic, National Institute of Cardiology, State Research Institute, 42 Alpejska Str., 04-628 Warsaw, PolandDepartment of Medical Biology, National Institute of Cardiology, State Research Institute, 42 Alpejska Str., 04-628 Warsaw, PolandDepartment of Medical Biology, National Institute of Cardiology, State Research Institute, 42 Alpejska Str., 04-628 Warsaw, Poland<b>Background/Objectives:</b> Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of death worldwide and requires a deeper understanding of its pathogenesis for effective prevention and treatment. Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH), characterized by high levels of LDL cholesterol, is a significant risk factor for CVD. FH background remains unexplained despite advances in genetic testing. The aim was identification early changes in the plasma lipidome of individuals at high cardiovascular risk (HCVR) using liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. <b>Methods</b>: The lipidomic analysis examined over 400 compounds. Twenty individuals with suspected FH, very high cardiovascular risk (VHCVR), and undetectable mutations in the <i>LDLR</i>, <i>APOB</i>, or <i>PCSK9</i> genes were compared to control group in a qualitative-quantitative analysis. <b>Results</b>: Multivariate analyses revealed statistically significant alterations in glycerophospholipids (GC), with a notable increase in phosphatidylcholines ((O-36:0/16:0), OR (95% CI): 1.246 (1.042–1.490), <i>p</i> = 0.0157), phosphatidylethanolamines ((O-40:7/22:6), OR (95% CI): 1.119 (1.039–1.205), <i>p</i> = 0.0028), and phosphatidylglycerol ((40:8/20:4), OR (95% CI): 1.053 (1.008–1.101), <i>p</i> = 0.0219) only in patients with HCVR. These changes, particularly in major classes of GC, underscored their potential as biomarkers for early assessment of cardiovascular risk. Lipidomic profiling revealed associations between specific lipid species and the comorbidities of arterial hypertension, atherosclerosis, and insulin resistance, implicating their role in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). <b>Conclusions</b>: This study points early changes in the plasma lipidome in individuals at HCVR, underline potential biomarkers, therapeutic targets for ASCVD, and offer opportunities to improve ASCVD diagnosis, therapy, and risk management strategies through detailed personalized medical approach.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/13/3/643cardiovascular high risklipidomicsmetabolomicshypercholesterolemia
spellingShingle Joanna Waś
Piotr Dobrowolski
Aleksander Prejbisz
Magdalena Niedolistek
Ilona Kowalik
Anna Drohomirecka
Dorota Sokołowska
Jolanta Krzysztoń-Russjan
Early Changes in the Plasma Lipidome of People at Very High Cardiovascular Risk: A New Approach to Assessing the Risk of Cardiovascular Changes
Biomedicines
cardiovascular high risk
lipidomics
metabolomics
hypercholesterolemia
title Early Changes in the Plasma Lipidome of People at Very High Cardiovascular Risk: A New Approach to Assessing the Risk of Cardiovascular Changes
title_full Early Changes in the Plasma Lipidome of People at Very High Cardiovascular Risk: A New Approach to Assessing the Risk of Cardiovascular Changes
title_fullStr Early Changes in the Plasma Lipidome of People at Very High Cardiovascular Risk: A New Approach to Assessing the Risk of Cardiovascular Changes
title_full_unstemmed Early Changes in the Plasma Lipidome of People at Very High Cardiovascular Risk: A New Approach to Assessing the Risk of Cardiovascular Changes
title_short Early Changes in the Plasma Lipidome of People at Very High Cardiovascular Risk: A New Approach to Assessing the Risk of Cardiovascular Changes
title_sort early changes in the plasma lipidome of people at very high cardiovascular risk a new approach to assessing the risk of cardiovascular changes
topic cardiovascular high risk
lipidomics
metabolomics
hypercholesterolemia
url https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/13/3/643
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