AILDP: a research on ship number recognition technology for complex scenarios

Abstract With the rapid growth of global maritime trade and the increasingly urgent need for maritime surveillance and security management, fast and accurate identification of vessels has become a crucial aspect. The task of ship number recognition mainly faces two challenges: first, the ship number...

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Main Authors: Tianjiao Wei, Zhuhua Hu, Yaochi Zhao, Xiyu Fan
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Springer 2025-03-01
Series:Complex & Intelligent Systems
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1007/s40747-025-01820-0
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author Tianjiao Wei
Zhuhua Hu
Yaochi Zhao
Xiyu Fan
author_facet Tianjiao Wei
Zhuhua Hu
Yaochi Zhao
Xiyu Fan
author_sort Tianjiao Wei
collection DOAJ
description Abstract With the rapid growth of global maritime trade and the increasingly urgent need for maritime surveillance and security management, fast and accurate identification of vessels has become a crucial aspect. The task of ship number recognition mainly faces two challenges: first, the ship number is usually located in different parts of the hull, and due to the shooting distance, the size of the ship number can vary greatly on different vessels, making automated recognition complex. Second, adverse weather conditions and complex sea surface environments may affect the accuracy of visual recognition. To address the above issues, we produce a private dataset containing 2436 images of ships in a variety of scenarios and propose an algorithm (AILDP) for interactive feature learning and adaptive enhancement to tackle multiple challenges in ship number recognition. Firstly, in the detection phase, for the problem of varying size and position in the ship number recognition task, the detection effect is optimized by a module (AIFI_LPE) that combines feature interaction and learned position encoding. Secondly, to deal with the issues of blurring and occlusion of ship numbers due to ship movement or bad weather, a module (C2f_IRMB_DRB) is proposed that can capture high-quality features while weighing the computational effort when processing low-quality images. After detection, the results are divided into two categories: clear ship number and low-quality ship number. In order to save computational resources, only the low-quality images are first subjected to preliminary image enhancement processing, and then the Thin Plate Spline (TPS) is introduced in the recognition part based on the framework of PaddleOCRv4 and combined with the feature extraction and enhancement module to adjust the spatial features of the images to ensure that both types of ship number images can be accurately processed in the feature extraction and recognition process. Experimental results show that the AILDP can improve the accuracy of ship number recognition, with the precision, recall, and mAP0.5 for ship number detection increased to 95.7%, 94.5%, and 94.8%. The Character_accuracy of the recognition task can reach 95.23%.
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publishDate 2025-03-01
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spelling doaj-art-d0750cadb5fa4b309237f2c6ac878ad82025-08-20T03:40:44ZengSpringerComplex & Intelligent Systems2199-45362198-60532025-03-0111412010.1007/s40747-025-01820-0AILDP: a research on ship number recognition technology for complex scenariosTianjiao Wei0Zhuhua Hu1Yaochi Zhao2Xiyu Fan3School of Information and Communication Engineering, Hainan UniversitySchool of Information and Communication Engineering, Hainan UniversitySchool of Cyberspace Security, Hainan UniversitySchool of Information and Communication Engineering, Hainan UniversityAbstract With the rapid growth of global maritime trade and the increasingly urgent need for maritime surveillance and security management, fast and accurate identification of vessels has become a crucial aspect. The task of ship number recognition mainly faces two challenges: first, the ship number is usually located in different parts of the hull, and due to the shooting distance, the size of the ship number can vary greatly on different vessels, making automated recognition complex. Second, adverse weather conditions and complex sea surface environments may affect the accuracy of visual recognition. To address the above issues, we produce a private dataset containing 2436 images of ships in a variety of scenarios and propose an algorithm (AILDP) for interactive feature learning and adaptive enhancement to tackle multiple challenges in ship number recognition. Firstly, in the detection phase, for the problem of varying size and position in the ship number recognition task, the detection effect is optimized by a module (AIFI_LPE) that combines feature interaction and learned position encoding. Secondly, to deal with the issues of blurring and occlusion of ship numbers due to ship movement or bad weather, a module (C2f_IRMB_DRB) is proposed that can capture high-quality features while weighing the computational effort when processing low-quality images. After detection, the results are divided into two categories: clear ship number and low-quality ship number. In order to save computational resources, only the low-quality images are first subjected to preliminary image enhancement processing, and then the Thin Plate Spline (TPS) is introduced in the recognition part based on the framework of PaddleOCRv4 and combined with the feature extraction and enhancement module to adjust the spatial features of the images to ensure that both types of ship number images can be accurately processed in the feature extraction and recognition process. Experimental results show that the AILDP can improve the accuracy of ship number recognition, with the precision, recall, and mAP0.5 for ship number detection increased to 95.7%, 94.5%, and 94.8%. The Character_accuracy of the recognition task can reach 95.23%.https://doi.org/10.1007/s40747-025-01820-0Ship number recognitionMultiple scenariosMarine safety managementObject detection
spellingShingle Tianjiao Wei
Zhuhua Hu
Yaochi Zhao
Xiyu Fan
AILDP: a research on ship number recognition technology for complex scenarios
Complex & Intelligent Systems
Ship number recognition
Multiple scenarios
Marine safety management
Object detection
title AILDP: a research on ship number recognition technology for complex scenarios
title_full AILDP: a research on ship number recognition technology for complex scenarios
title_fullStr AILDP: a research on ship number recognition technology for complex scenarios
title_full_unstemmed AILDP: a research on ship number recognition technology for complex scenarios
title_short AILDP: a research on ship number recognition technology for complex scenarios
title_sort aildp a research on ship number recognition technology for complex scenarios
topic Ship number recognition
Multiple scenarios
Marine safety management
Object detection
url https://doi.org/10.1007/s40747-025-01820-0
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