Temporal and Phenological Modulation of the Impact of Increasing Drought Conditions on Vegetation Growth in a Humid Big River Basin: Insights From Global Comparisons

Abstract As the upward trend in extreme drought continues with climate change, terrestrial vegetation growth is assumed to become largely reduced. We investigated anomalies of remote sensing vegetation indexes under droughts across the upper Yangtze River (UYR) basin, characterized as humid but havi...

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Main Authors: Junlan Xiao, César Terrer, Pierre Gentine, Ryunosuke Tateno, Lei Fan, Mingguo Ma, Yuemin Yue, Wenping Yuan, Josep Peñuelas, Weiyu Shi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2025-03-01
Series:Earth's Future
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1029/2024EF005720
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author Junlan Xiao
César Terrer
Pierre Gentine
Ryunosuke Tateno
Lei Fan
Mingguo Ma
Yuemin Yue
Wenping Yuan
Josep Peñuelas
Weiyu Shi
author_facet Junlan Xiao
César Terrer
Pierre Gentine
Ryunosuke Tateno
Lei Fan
Mingguo Ma
Yuemin Yue
Wenping Yuan
Josep Peñuelas
Weiyu Shi
author_sort Junlan Xiao
collection DOAJ
description Abstract As the upward trend in extreme drought continues with climate change, terrestrial vegetation growth is assumed to become largely reduced. We investigated anomalies of remote sensing vegetation indexes under droughts across the upper Yangtze River (UYR) basin, characterized as humid but having experienced frequent seasonal droughts from 2000. Then we compared global big river basins by focusing on the Nile and Congo basins, which have similar characteristics to the UYR. The vegetation across the UYR was affected by water stress in recent years but shows reduced sensitivity to drought. The compound effect of drought timing and phenology largely drives the response. Results show that late‐season droughts generally have a greater impact on vegetation growth compared to early season droughts, with alpine grasslands showing particularly pronounced responses due to their ecological features such as shallow root depth and aggressive hydrological behavior. The Nile basin, similar to the UYR basin, exhibits pronounced late‐season vegetation vulnerability, highlighting shared patterns of drought impact across heterogeneous landscapes. In contrast, the tropical rainforests in the Congo basin demonstrate greater resilience, supported by complex root systems, dense canopies, and low cloud cover that reduces evaporation. This study underscores the importance of considering regional ecological characteristics, drought timing, and phenological stages in assessing vegetation responses to drought. These insights are critical for predicting and managing ecosystem resilience under changing climatic conditions.
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spelling doaj-art-d0632ea0d12a4d5c84110577e463239f2025-08-20T03:17:57ZengWileyEarth's Future2328-42772025-03-01133n/an/a10.1029/2024EF005720Temporal and Phenological Modulation of the Impact of Increasing Drought Conditions on Vegetation Growth in a Humid Big River Basin: Insights From Global ComparisonsJunlan Xiao0César Terrer1Pierre Gentine2Ryunosuke Tateno3Lei Fan4Mingguo Ma5Yuemin Yue6Wenping Yuan7Josep Peñuelas8Weiyu Shi9Chongqing Jinfo Mountain Karst Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station School of Geographical Sciences Southwest University Chongqing ChinaDepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA USADepartment of Earth and Environmental Engineering Columbia University New York NY USAFiled Science Education and Research Center Kyoto University Kyoto JapanChongqing Jinfo Mountain Karst Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station School of Geographical Sciences Southwest University Chongqing ChinaChongqing Jinfo Mountain Karst Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station School of Geographical Sciences Southwest University Chongqing ChinaHuanjiang Observation and Research Station for Karst Ecosystem Chinese Academy of Sciences Huanjiang ChinaInstitute for Earth System Science College of Urban and Environmental Sciences Peking University Beijing ChinaCSIC Global Ecology Unit CREAF‐CSIC‐UAB Bellaterra SpainChongqing Jinfo Mountain Karst Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station School of Geographical Sciences Southwest University Chongqing ChinaAbstract As the upward trend in extreme drought continues with climate change, terrestrial vegetation growth is assumed to become largely reduced. We investigated anomalies of remote sensing vegetation indexes under droughts across the upper Yangtze River (UYR) basin, characterized as humid but having experienced frequent seasonal droughts from 2000. Then we compared global big river basins by focusing on the Nile and Congo basins, which have similar characteristics to the UYR. The vegetation across the UYR was affected by water stress in recent years but shows reduced sensitivity to drought. The compound effect of drought timing and phenology largely drives the response. Results show that late‐season droughts generally have a greater impact on vegetation growth compared to early season droughts, with alpine grasslands showing particularly pronounced responses due to their ecological features such as shallow root depth and aggressive hydrological behavior. The Nile basin, similar to the UYR basin, exhibits pronounced late‐season vegetation vulnerability, highlighting shared patterns of drought impact across heterogeneous landscapes. In contrast, the tropical rainforests in the Congo basin demonstrate greater resilience, supported by complex root systems, dense canopies, and low cloud cover that reduces evaporation. This study underscores the importance of considering regional ecological characteristics, drought timing, and phenological stages in assessing vegetation responses to drought. These insights are critical for predicting and managing ecosystem resilience under changing climatic conditions.https://doi.org/10.1029/2024EF005720droughtdrought timingphenologygrowing seasonsoil moisturethe upper Yangtze River basin
spellingShingle Junlan Xiao
César Terrer
Pierre Gentine
Ryunosuke Tateno
Lei Fan
Mingguo Ma
Yuemin Yue
Wenping Yuan
Josep Peñuelas
Weiyu Shi
Temporal and Phenological Modulation of the Impact of Increasing Drought Conditions on Vegetation Growth in a Humid Big River Basin: Insights From Global Comparisons
Earth's Future
drought
drought timing
phenology
growing season
soil moisture
the upper Yangtze River basin
title Temporal and Phenological Modulation of the Impact of Increasing Drought Conditions on Vegetation Growth in a Humid Big River Basin: Insights From Global Comparisons
title_full Temporal and Phenological Modulation of the Impact of Increasing Drought Conditions on Vegetation Growth in a Humid Big River Basin: Insights From Global Comparisons
title_fullStr Temporal and Phenological Modulation of the Impact of Increasing Drought Conditions on Vegetation Growth in a Humid Big River Basin: Insights From Global Comparisons
title_full_unstemmed Temporal and Phenological Modulation of the Impact of Increasing Drought Conditions on Vegetation Growth in a Humid Big River Basin: Insights From Global Comparisons
title_short Temporal and Phenological Modulation of the Impact of Increasing Drought Conditions on Vegetation Growth in a Humid Big River Basin: Insights From Global Comparisons
title_sort temporal and phenological modulation of the impact of increasing drought conditions on vegetation growth in a humid big river basin insights from global comparisons
topic drought
drought timing
phenology
growing season
soil moisture
the upper Yangtze River basin
url https://doi.org/10.1029/2024EF005720
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