Nitrogen Fixation at Paleo‐Mars in an Icy Atmosphere

Abstract Recent findings of NO near Gale Crater on Mars have been explained by two pathways: formation of nitric acid (HNO3) in a warm climate or formation of peroxynitric acid (HO2NO2) in a cool climate. Here, we put forth two hitherto unexplored pathways: (a) deposition of nitric/peroxynitric acid...

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Main Authors: Danica Adams, Armin Kleinböhl, King‐Fai Li, Franklin P. Mills, Run‐Lie Shia, Robin Wordsworth, Yuk L. Yung
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2024-11-01
Series:Geophysical Research Letters
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1029/2024GL111063
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author Danica Adams
Armin Kleinböhl
King‐Fai Li
Franklin P. Mills
Run‐Lie Shia
Robin Wordsworth
Yuk L. Yung
author_facet Danica Adams
Armin Kleinböhl
King‐Fai Li
Franklin P. Mills
Run‐Lie Shia
Robin Wordsworth
Yuk L. Yung
author_sort Danica Adams
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Recent findings of NO near Gale Crater on Mars have been explained by two pathways: formation of nitric acid (HNO3) in a warm climate or formation of peroxynitric acid (HO2NO2) in a cool climate. Here, we put forth two hitherto unexplored pathways: (a) deposition of nitric/peroxynitric acid onto ice particles in a cold atmosphere, which settle quickly onto Mars' surface and (b) solar energetic particle‐induced production of nitric/peroxynitric acid. The deposition rates are enhanced and NO production is more efficient under the higher atmospheric pressures typical of Mars' ancient atmosphere. Depending on the unknown rate at which nitric/peroxynitric acid is lost from the surface, the new pathways could result in larger NO‐levels than those detected by the Mars Science Laboratory. We predict a 2:1 ratio of nitrite:nitrate would have deposited in cool surface climates with an icy atmosphere, whereas orders of magnitude more nitrate than nitrite is expected from warm surface climates.
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series Geophysical Research Letters
spelling doaj-art-d05f85d867a0455586f8aed77da731b22025-08-20T03:02:07ZengWileyGeophysical Research Letters0094-82761944-80072024-11-015121n/an/a10.1029/2024GL111063Nitrogen Fixation at Paleo‐Mars in an Icy AtmosphereDanica Adams0Armin Kleinböhl1King‐Fai Li2Franklin P. Mills3Run‐Lie Shia4Robin Wordsworth5Yuk L. Yung6Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences Harvard University Cambridge MA USAJet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena CA USADepartment of Environmental Sciences University of California Riverside CA USAFenner School of Environment & Society Australian National University Canberra ACT AustraliaDivision of Geological and Planetary Sciences California Institute of Technology Pasadena CA USADepartment of Earth and Planetary Sciences Harvard University Cambridge MA USADivision of Geological and Planetary Sciences California Institute of Technology Pasadena CA USAAbstract Recent findings of NO near Gale Crater on Mars have been explained by two pathways: formation of nitric acid (HNO3) in a warm climate or formation of peroxynitric acid (HO2NO2) in a cool climate. Here, we put forth two hitherto unexplored pathways: (a) deposition of nitric/peroxynitric acid onto ice particles in a cold atmosphere, which settle quickly onto Mars' surface and (b) solar energetic particle‐induced production of nitric/peroxynitric acid. The deposition rates are enhanced and NO production is more efficient under the higher atmospheric pressures typical of Mars' ancient atmosphere. Depending on the unknown rate at which nitric/peroxynitric acid is lost from the surface, the new pathways could result in larger NO‐levels than those detected by the Mars Science Laboratory. We predict a 2:1 ratio of nitrite:nitrate would have deposited in cool surface climates with an icy atmosphere, whereas orders of magnitude more nitrate than nitrite is expected from warm surface climates.https://doi.org/10.1029/2024GL111063marsnitrogen fixationphotochemistrynitriteMSLnitrate
spellingShingle Danica Adams
Armin Kleinböhl
King‐Fai Li
Franklin P. Mills
Run‐Lie Shia
Robin Wordsworth
Yuk L. Yung
Nitrogen Fixation at Paleo‐Mars in an Icy Atmosphere
Geophysical Research Letters
mars
nitrogen fixation
photochemistry
nitrite
MSL
nitrate
title Nitrogen Fixation at Paleo‐Mars in an Icy Atmosphere
title_full Nitrogen Fixation at Paleo‐Mars in an Icy Atmosphere
title_fullStr Nitrogen Fixation at Paleo‐Mars in an Icy Atmosphere
title_full_unstemmed Nitrogen Fixation at Paleo‐Mars in an Icy Atmosphere
title_short Nitrogen Fixation at Paleo‐Mars in an Icy Atmosphere
title_sort nitrogen fixation at paleo mars in an icy atmosphere
topic mars
nitrogen fixation
photochemistry
nitrite
MSL
nitrate
url https://doi.org/10.1029/2024GL111063
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AT arminkleinbohl nitrogenfixationatpaleomarsinanicyatmosphere
AT kingfaili nitrogenfixationatpaleomarsinanicyatmosphere
AT franklinpmills nitrogenfixationatpaleomarsinanicyatmosphere
AT runlieshia nitrogenfixationatpaleomarsinanicyatmosphere
AT robinwordsworth nitrogenfixationatpaleomarsinanicyatmosphere
AT yuklyung nitrogenfixationatpaleomarsinanicyatmosphere