The Impact of Cell Phone Usage on Fall Risk and Postural Control During Free-Standing

Smartphone use raises concerns about forward head posture, and the high cognitive load and reduced situational awareness involved increase fall risk. This study aimed to assess the impact of smartphone usage (both holding and texting) on fall risk and postural control in healthy young adults. Thirty...

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Main Authors: Michalina Gulatowska, Michalina Błażkiewicz
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-03-01
Series:Applied Sciences
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/7/3707
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author Michalina Gulatowska
Michalina Błażkiewicz
author_facet Michalina Gulatowska
Michalina Błażkiewicz
author_sort Michalina Gulatowska
collection DOAJ
description Smartphone use raises concerns about forward head posture, and the high cognitive load and reduced situational awareness involved increase fall risk. This study aimed to assess the impact of smartphone usage (both holding and texting) on fall risk and postural control in healthy young adults. Thirty-three young adults completed three identical 20-s trials in static (AMTI platform) and dynamic (Balance Biodex platform) conditions, including (1) the baseline (eyes open and standing still), (2) passive phone use (holding and looking at the phone with the screen off), and (3) a dual task (texting while standing). Postural control was assessed using linear measures (CoP path length and the Fall Risk Test index) and nonlinear metrics (sample entropy, fractal dimension, and the Lyapunov exponent). The results indicated that smartphone use, especially texting, significantly increased CoP variability in the anteroposterior direction and Fall Risk Test values, highlighting reduced stability. A nonlinear analysis revealed decreased adaptability and the complexity of postural control during phone use. These findings suggest that mobile phone interactions impair balance and increase fall risk due to cognitive and physical distractions.
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spelling doaj-art-d05d2bbfc9464d6a91df86f8b143f1e32025-08-20T03:06:28ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172025-03-01157370710.3390/app15073707The Impact of Cell Phone Usage on Fall Risk and Postural Control During Free-StandingMichalina Gulatowska0Michalina Błażkiewicz1PhD School, The Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, 00-968 Warsaw, PolandFaculty of Rehabilitation, The Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, 00-968 Warsaw, PolandSmartphone use raises concerns about forward head posture, and the high cognitive load and reduced situational awareness involved increase fall risk. This study aimed to assess the impact of smartphone usage (both holding and texting) on fall risk and postural control in healthy young adults. Thirty-three young adults completed three identical 20-s trials in static (AMTI platform) and dynamic (Balance Biodex platform) conditions, including (1) the baseline (eyes open and standing still), (2) passive phone use (holding and looking at the phone with the screen off), and (3) a dual task (texting while standing). Postural control was assessed using linear measures (CoP path length and the Fall Risk Test index) and nonlinear metrics (sample entropy, fractal dimension, and the Lyapunov exponent). The results indicated that smartphone use, especially texting, significantly increased CoP variability in the anteroposterior direction and Fall Risk Test values, highlighting reduced stability. A nonlinear analysis revealed decreased adaptability and the complexity of postural control during phone use. These findings suggest that mobile phone interactions impair balance and increase fall risk due to cognitive and physical distractions.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/7/3707balance assessmentmobile phone distractionnonlinear measureslinear measures
spellingShingle Michalina Gulatowska
Michalina Błażkiewicz
The Impact of Cell Phone Usage on Fall Risk and Postural Control During Free-Standing
Applied Sciences
balance assessment
mobile phone distraction
nonlinear measures
linear measures
title The Impact of Cell Phone Usage on Fall Risk and Postural Control During Free-Standing
title_full The Impact of Cell Phone Usage on Fall Risk and Postural Control During Free-Standing
title_fullStr The Impact of Cell Phone Usage on Fall Risk and Postural Control During Free-Standing
title_full_unstemmed The Impact of Cell Phone Usage on Fall Risk and Postural Control During Free-Standing
title_short The Impact of Cell Phone Usage on Fall Risk and Postural Control During Free-Standing
title_sort impact of cell phone usage on fall risk and postural control during free standing
topic balance assessment
mobile phone distraction
nonlinear measures
linear measures
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/7/3707
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