Could hypoxic conditioning augment the potential of mesenchymal stromal cell-derived extracellular vesicles as a treatment for type 1 diabetes?
Abstract Type1 Diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disorder characterised by the loss of pancreatic β-cells. This β cell loss occurs primarily through inflammatory pathways culminating in apoptosis. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have been heavily studied for therapeutic applications due to their rege...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
BMC
2025-02-01
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| Series: | Stem Cell Research & Therapy |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13287-025-04153-4 |
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| Summary: | Abstract Type1 Diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disorder characterised by the loss of pancreatic β-cells. This β cell loss occurs primarily through inflammatory pathways culminating in apoptosis. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have been heavily studied for therapeutic applications due to their regenerative, anti-apoptotic, immunomodulatory, and anti-inflammatory properties. The therapeutic effects of MSCs are mediated through cell-to-cell contact, differentiation, and the release of paracrine factors, which include the release of extracellular vesicles (EVs). Culturing MSCs in hypoxia, a low oxygen tension state more analogous to their physiological environment, seems to increase the therapeutic efficacy of MSC cell therapy, enhancing their immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, and anti-fibrotic properties. This is also the case with MSC-derived EVs, which show altered properties based on the parent cell preconditioning. In this review, we examine the evidence supporting the potential application of hypoxic preconditioning in strengthening MSC-EVs for treating the inflammatory and apoptotic causes of β cell loss in T1D. |
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| ISSN: | 1757-6512 |