Exploring the Link among adverse childhood experiences and commercial sexual exploitation

Background: Youth with involvement in commercial sexual exploitation (CSE) frequently have extensive adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), affecting their mental health outcomes. Expanding ACE research reveals the complex situations of marginalized youth, particularly those in CSE. Objective: To exa...

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Main Authors: Hugh Hanlin, Aaron Kivisto, Chelsea Gold
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2024-08-01
Series:Child Protection and Practice
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950193824000421
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author Hugh Hanlin
Aaron Kivisto
Chelsea Gold
author_facet Hugh Hanlin
Aaron Kivisto
Chelsea Gold
author_sort Hugh Hanlin
collection DOAJ
description Background: Youth with involvement in commercial sexual exploitation (CSE) frequently have extensive adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), affecting their mental health outcomes. Expanding ACE research reveals the complex situations of marginalized youth, particularly those in CSE. Objective: To examine ACEs’ frequency and severity in youth with and without CSE involvement, enhancing ACEs understanding. Participants and Setting: Marginalized youth (n = 200) referred for trauma/psychological evaluations by the Department of Child Services or juvenile probation were divided into CSE-involved (n = 153) and non-CSE-involved (n = 47) groups. CSE-involved youth were subcategorized according to CSE duration: less than two months (n = 56) or two months or more (n = 97). Method: Trauma/psychological evaluations were used to code ACEs, evaluating their prevalence, diversity, and impact. Two evaluators coded the ACEs, with a third resolving any discrepancies. Differences in the occurrence and frequency of ACEs were compared based on the presence and duration of CSE involvement. Findings: Participants encountered a broad spectrum of ACEs. Those involved in CSE had higher ACE frequencies, notably in family violence (IRR = 1.28, p = 0.02), sexual abuse (IRR = 1.251, p = 0.04), community violence (IRR = 1.469, p = 0.007), and personal ACEs (IRR = 1.224, p = 0.04). Findings revealed a heavier trauma load in CSE-involved youth, intensifying with longer involvement. Conclusion: These findings highlight the extent and diversity of ACEs among youth involved in CSE. Future research is needed to explore possible pathways through which ACEs might contribute to CSE involvement and the ways in which detailed assessment of youths’ histories can inform therapeutic programming.
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spelling doaj-art-d0555083e7c54331bb6c4a321d8744a02025-08-20T02:54:59ZengElsevierChild Protection and Practice2950-19382024-08-01210004210.1016/j.chipro.2024.100042Exploring the Link among adverse childhood experiences and commercial sexual exploitationHugh Hanlin0Aaron Kivisto1Chelsea Gold2Ascent 121, 147 Washington Pointe Dr., Indianapolis, IN, 46229, USA; Corresponding author.College of Education and Behavioral Sciences, Department of Psychology, University of Indianapolis, 1643 E Hanna Ave Ste 107, Indianapolis, IN, 46227, USACollege of Education and Behavioral Sciences, Department of Psychology, University of Indianapolis, 1643 E Hanna Ave Ste 107, Indianapolis, IN, 46227, USABackground: Youth with involvement in commercial sexual exploitation (CSE) frequently have extensive adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), affecting their mental health outcomes. Expanding ACE research reveals the complex situations of marginalized youth, particularly those in CSE. Objective: To examine ACEs’ frequency and severity in youth with and without CSE involvement, enhancing ACEs understanding. Participants and Setting: Marginalized youth (n = 200) referred for trauma/psychological evaluations by the Department of Child Services or juvenile probation were divided into CSE-involved (n = 153) and non-CSE-involved (n = 47) groups. CSE-involved youth were subcategorized according to CSE duration: less than two months (n = 56) or two months or more (n = 97). Method: Trauma/psychological evaluations were used to code ACEs, evaluating their prevalence, diversity, and impact. Two evaluators coded the ACEs, with a third resolving any discrepancies. Differences in the occurrence and frequency of ACEs were compared based on the presence and duration of CSE involvement. Findings: Participants encountered a broad spectrum of ACEs. Those involved in CSE had higher ACE frequencies, notably in family violence (IRR = 1.28, p = 0.02), sexual abuse (IRR = 1.251, p = 0.04), community violence (IRR = 1.469, p = 0.007), and personal ACEs (IRR = 1.224, p = 0.04). Findings revealed a heavier trauma load in CSE-involved youth, intensifying with longer involvement. Conclusion: These findings highlight the extent and diversity of ACEs among youth involved in CSE. Future research is needed to explore possible pathways through which ACEs might contribute to CSE involvement and the ways in which detailed assessment of youths’ histories can inform therapeutic programming.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950193824000421Adverse childhood experience (ACE)Commercial sexual exploitation (CSE)Community violenceComplex traumaChronic stressFamily violence
spellingShingle Hugh Hanlin
Aaron Kivisto
Chelsea Gold
Exploring the Link among adverse childhood experiences and commercial sexual exploitation
Child Protection and Practice
Adverse childhood experience (ACE)
Commercial sexual exploitation (CSE)
Community violence
Complex trauma
Chronic stress
Family violence
title Exploring the Link among adverse childhood experiences and commercial sexual exploitation
title_full Exploring the Link among adverse childhood experiences and commercial sexual exploitation
title_fullStr Exploring the Link among adverse childhood experiences and commercial sexual exploitation
title_full_unstemmed Exploring the Link among adverse childhood experiences and commercial sexual exploitation
title_short Exploring the Link among adverse childhood experiences and commercial sexual exploitation
title_sort exploring the link among adverse childhood experiences and commercial sexual exploitation
topic Adverse childhood experience (ACE)
Commercial sexual exploitation (CSE)
Community violence
Complex trauma
Chronic stress
Family violence
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950193824000421
work_keys_str_mv AT hughhanlin exploringthelinkamongadversechildhoodexperiencesandcommercialsexualexploitation
AT aaronkivisto exploringthelinkamongadversechildhoodexperiencesandcommercialsexualexploitation
AT chelseagold exploringthelinkamongadversechildhoodexperiencesandcommercialsexualexploitation