Predicting immunotherapy prognosis and targeted therapy sensitivity of colon cancer based on a CAF-related molecular signature

Abstract The role of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in modulating the tumor microenvironment (TME) is gaining attention, yet their impact on prognosis and therapeutic response in colon cancer remains unclear. Here, we identified genes associated with CAF infiltration via weighted gene co-expre...

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Main Authors: Leqian Ying, Lu Zhang, Yanping Chen, Chunchun Huang, Jingyi Zhou, Jinbing Xie, Lin Liu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-02-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-90899-z
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author Leqian Ying
Lu Zhang
Yanping Chen
Chunchun Huang
Jingyi Zhou
Jinbing Xie
Lin Liu
author_facet Leqian Ying
Lu Zhang
Yanping Chen
Chunchun Huang
Jingyi Zhou
Jinbing Xie
Lin Liu
author_sort Leqian Ying
collection DOAJ
description Abstract The role of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in modulating the tumor microenvironment (TME) is gaining attention, yet their impact on prognosis and therapeutic response in colon cancer remains unclear. Here, we identified genes associated with CAF infiltration via weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) utilizing data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and GSE39582 cohorts. Univariate Cox regression and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression analyses were used to construct CAF molecular signatures (CAFscore). Patients were categorized into high and low CAFscore groups to analyze clinicopathological traits, somatic mutations, immune evasion, and treatment responses. In this study, a total of 244 genes were correlated with CAF infiltration, with 11 linked to overall survival. Notably, FSTL3, CRIP2, and SLC2A3 were selected for the CAFscore. A higher CAFscore was associated with poorer prognoses, increased malignancy, and therapeutic resistance, particularly among patients with high tumor mutation burden and microsatellite instability. Furthermore, elevated FSTL3 expression was associated with reduced CD8+ T cell infiltration, indicating a suppressive TME. Mechanistically, CAFs may promote immune evasion via NAMPT ligand-receptor interactions based on single-cell RNA sequencing data. Thus, the CAFscore is crucial for personalizing treatment strategies and identifying patients who require more aggressive management.
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spelling doaj-art-d0507b8db47b4c39bac9224d353e3bad2025-08-20T03:10:55ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-02-0115111910.1038/s41598-025-90899-zPredicting immunotherapy prognosis and targeted therapy sensitivity of colon cancer based on a CAF-related molecular signatureLeqian Ying0Lu Zhang1Yanping Chen2Chunchun Huang3Jingyi Zhou4Jinbing Xie5Lin Liu6Department of Oncology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast UniversityDepartment of Oncology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast UniversityDepartment of Oncology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast UniversityDepartment of Oncology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast UniversityDepartment of Oncology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast UniversityDepartment of Radiology, Nurturing Center of Jiangsu Province for the State Laboratory of AI Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Basic Medicine Research and Innovation Center of Ministry of Education, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast UniversityDepartment of Oncology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast UniversityAbstract The role of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in modulating the tumor microenvironment (TME) is gaining attention, yet their impact on prognosis and therapeutic response in colon cancer remains unclear. Here, we identified genes associated with CAF infiltration via weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) utilizing data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and GSE39582 cohorts. Univariate Cox regression and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression analyses were used to construct CAF molecular signatures (CAFscore). Patients were categorized into high and low CAFscore groups to analyze clinicopathological traits, somatic mutations, immune evasion, and treatment responses. In this study, a total of 244 genes were correlated with CAF infiltration, with 11 linked to overall survival. Notably, FSTL3, CRIP2, and SLC2A3 were selected for the CAFscore. A higher CAFscore was associated with poorer prognoses, increased malignancy, and therapeutic resistance, particularly among patients with high tumor mutation burden and microsatellite instability. Furthermore, elevated FSTL3 expression was associated with reduced CD8+ T cell infiltration, indicating a suppressive TME. Mechanistically, CAFs may promote immune evasion via NAMPT ligand-receptor interactions based on single-cell RNA sequencing data. Thus, the CAFscore is crucial for personalizing treatment strategies and identifying patients who require more aggressive management.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-90899-zColon cancerCancer-associated fibroblastsTumor microenvironmentMolecular signatureImmune checkpoint Blockade
spellingShingle Leqian Ying
Lu Zhang
Yanping Chen
Chunchun Huang
Jingyi Zhou
Jinbing Xie
Lin Liu
Predicting immunotherapy prognosis and targeted therapy sensitivity of colon cancer based on a CAF-related molecular signature
Scientific Reports
Colon cancer
Cancer-associated fibroblasts
Tumor microenvironment
Molecular signature
Immune checkpoint Blockade
title Predicting immunotherapy prognosis and targeted therapy sensitivity of colon cancer based on a CAF-related molecular signature
title_full Predicting immunotherapy prognosis and targeted therapy sensitivity of colon cancer based on a CAF-related molecular signature
title_fullStr Predicting immunotherapy prognosis and targeted therapy sensitivity of colon cancer based on a CAF-related molecular signature
title_full_unstemmed Predicting immunotherapy prognosis and targeted therapy sensitivity of colon cancer based on a CAF-related molecular signature
title_short Predicting immunotherapy prognosis and targeted therapy sensitivity of colon cancer based on a CAF-related molecular signature
title_sort predicting immunotherapy prognosis and targeted therapy sensitivity of colon cancer based on a caf related molecular signature
topic Colon cancer
Cancer-associated fibroblasts
Tumor microenvironment
Molecular signature
Immune checkpoint Blockade
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-90899-z
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