A review of climate change effects on the regeneration dynamics of balsam fir

Balsam fir (Abies balsamea) is one of the most abundant softwood species in eastern Canada but is projected to be adversely affected by climate change. Balsam fir decline could occur due to a combination of reduced germination and regeneration, lower growth and competitive ability, and higher rates...

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Main Authors: Joe Collier, David A. MacLean, Loïc D’Orangeville, Anthony R. Taylor
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Canadian Institute of Forestry 2022-11-01
Series:The Forestry Chronicle
Subjects:
Online Access:https://pubs.cif-ifc.org/doi/10.5558/tfc2022-005
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author Joe Collier
David A. MacLean
Loïc D’Orangeville
Anthony R. Taylor
author_facet Joe Collier
David A. MacLean
Loïc D’Orangeville
Anthony R. Taylor
author_sort Joe Collier
collection DOAJ
description Balsam fir (Abies balsamea) is one of the most abundant softwood species in eastern Canada but is projected to be adversely affected by climate change. Balsam fir decline could occur due to a combination of reduced germination and regeneration, lower growth and competitive ability, and higher rates of mortality. However, tree regeneration represents one of the most vulnerable stages to climate-induced stress. In this paper, we synthesize potential and observed effects of climate change on balsam fir regeneration. Recent studies have shown no detrimental effects of increased temperatures on either germination or seedling growth of balsam fir, but clear deleterious effects of decreased water availability. Balsam fir seeds require 28–60 days of cold stratification to become germinable, and such conditions should still be met under climate change across most of the species’ range. Sampling along a north-south climatic gradient throughout the Acadian Forest Region of eastern Canada indicated effects are complex and do not suggest a clear decline under warmer, drier conditions for the species. Thus, effects of global warming on balsam fir may be more gradual than projected in modeling studies and occur primarily via reduced competitive ability and/or higher mortality in overstory trees, rather than regeneration failure.
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spelling doaj-art-d0505e503dd548648aaa630f5032acd62025-08-20T04:00:45ZengCanadian Institute of ForestryThe Forestry Chronicle0015-75461499-93152022-11-01981546510.5558/tfc2022-005A review of climate change effects on the regeneration dynamics of balsam firJoe Collier0David A. MacLean1Loïc D’Orangeville2Anthony R. Taylor3Faculty of Forestry and Environmental Management, University of New Brunswick, 28 Dineen Drive, Fredericton, NB, Canada E3B 5A3Faculty of Forestry and Environmental Management, University of New Brunswick, 28 Dineen Drive, Fredericton, NB, Canada E3B 5A3Faculty of Forestry and Environmental Management, University of New Brunswick, 28 Dineen Drive, Fredericton, NB, Canada E3B 5A3Faculty of Forestry and Environmental Management, University of New Brunswick, 28 Dineen Drive, Fredericton, NB, Canada E3B 5A3Balsam fir (Abies balsamea) is one of the most abundant softwood species in eastern Canada but is projected to be adversely affected by climate change. Balsam fir decline could occur due to a combination of reduced germination and regeneration, lower growth and competitive ability, and higher rates of mortality. However, tree regeneration represents one of the most vulnerable stages to climate-induced stress. In this paper, we synthesize potential and observed effects of climate change on balsam fir regeneration. Recent studies have shown no detrimental effects of increased temperatures on either germination or seedling growth of balsam fir, but clear deleterious effects of decreased water availability. Balsam fir seeds require 28–60 days of cold stratification to become germinable, and such conditions should still be met under climate change across most of the species’ range. Sampling along a north-south climatic gradient throughout the Acadian Forest Region of eastern Canada indicated effects are complex and do not suggest a clear decline under warmer, drier conditions for the species. Thus, effects of global warming on balsam fir may be more gradual than projected in modeling studies and occur primarily via reduced competitive ability and/or higher mortality in overstory trees, rather than regeneration failure.https://pubs.cif-ifc.org/doi/10.5558/tfc2022-005climate changebalsam firregenerationmean annual temperatureprecipitationchangements climatiques
spellingShingle Joe Collier
David A. MacLean
Loïc D’Orangeville
Anthony R. Taylor
A review of climate change effects on the regeneration dynamics of balsam fir
The Forestry Chronicle
climate change
balsam fir
regeneration
mean annual temperature
precipitation
changements climatiques
title A review of climate change effects on the regeneration dynamics of balsam fir
title_full A review of climate change effects on the regeneration dynamics of balsam fir
title_fullStr A review of climate change effects on the regeneration dynamics of balsam fir
title_full_unstemmed A review of climate change effects on the regeneration dynamics of balsam fir
title_short A review of climate change effects on the regeneration dynamics of balsam fir
title_sort review of climate change effects on the regeneration dynamics of balsam fir
topic climate change
balsam fir
regeneration
mean annual temperature
precipitation
changements climatiques
url https://pubs.cif-ifc.org/doi/10.5558/tfc2022-005
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