Observational Evidence for the Modulation of Magnetopause Position by Solar Wind Turbulence

It has long been known that magnetopause position is primarily controlled by the solar wind dynamic pressure and the interplanetary magnetic field. This classical view, however, largely overlooks the ubiquitous role of solar wind turbulence. Consequently, it remains unclear which turbulent propertie...

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Main Authors: Yaxin Gu, Yi Wang, Fengsi Wei, Xueshang Feng, Boyi Wang, Ludi Wang, Wenyu Zhang, Zekun Xu, Zhuowei Chen, Yunxiang Lu, Xiaojian Song, Pingbing Zuo, Xiaojun Xu, Zilu Zhou
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: IOP Publishing 2025-01-01
Series:The Astrophysical Journal Letters
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/adf7a6
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author Yaxin Gu
Yi Wang
Fengsi Wei
Xueshang Feng
Boyi Wang
Ludi Wang
Wenyu Zhang
Zekun Xu
Zhuowei Chen
Yunxiang Lu
Xiaojian Song
Pingbing Zuo
Xiaojun Xu
Zilu Zhou
author_facet Yaxin Gu
Yi Wang
Fengsi Wei
Xueshang Feng
Boyi Wang
Ludi Wang
Wenyu Zhang
Zekun Xu
Zhuowei Chen
Yunxiang Lu
Xiaojian Song
Pingbing Zuo
Xiaojun Xu
Zilu Zhou
author_sort Yaxin Gu
collection DOAJ
description It has long been known that magnetopause position is primarily controlled by the solar wind dynamic pressure and the interplanetary magnetic field. This classical view, however, largely overlooks the ubiquitous role of solar wind turbulence. Consequently, it remains unclear which turbulent properties most effectively modulate the magnetopause position, on what characteristic scales these effects are most pronounced, and how these turbulence-driven effects are physically mediated. Employing a quasi-controlled-variable approach and excluding dominant disturbances, we perform the first direct statistical investigation by selecting 45 magnetopause crossing events (from 38,018 total between 2007 and 2022) under nearly identical background conditions, isolating the effects of turbulence characterized by its spectral properties, partial variance of increments, and the local energy transfer rate. The analysis, further validated by Cohen’s d effect sizes, reveals that turbulence could modulate the magnetopause position: intervals with flatter plasma spectra in the inertial range, higher incidence of intermittent structures (particularly at ∼47 s), and more intense energy transfer rates (particularly at ∼6 minutes) correlate with a more distant, outward-shifted boundary. These results tend to suggest that highly turbulent solar wind could enhance energy and momentum transfer into the magnetosphere, likely via a combination of viscous-like interactions, localized heating at intermittent structures, and resonant Alfvénic fluctuations, causing the outer magnetosphere to heat and expand. This work provides the first observational quantification of this fundamental coupling, which may offer crucial benchmarks for numerical simulations and new avenues for theoretical research.
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spelling doaj-art-d03cebfffb0a4060b0f94136b89bd2fb2025-08-25T07:32:39ZengIOP PublishingThe Astrophysical Journal Letters2041-82052025-01-019901L410.3847/2041-8213/adf7a6Observational Evidence for the Modulation of Magnetopause Position by Solar Wind TurbulenceYaxin Gu0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1579-8292Yi Wang1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7094-9794Fengsi Wei2Xueshang Feng3https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8605-2159Boyi Wang4https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7904-1846Ludi Wang5Wenyu Zhang6Zekun Xu7Zhuowei Chen8Yunxiang Lu9Xiaojian Song10https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7723-5743Pingbing Zuo11https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4711-0306Xiaojun Xu12https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2309-0649Zilu Zhou13https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4463-8407State Key Laboratory of Solar Activity and Space Weather, School of Aerospace, Harbin Institute of Technology , Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China ; wingwy@mail.ustc.edu.cn, wy@hit.edu.cn; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Numerical Prediction for Space Storm, School of Aerospace, Harbin Institute of Technology , Shenzhen, People’s Republic of ChinaState Key Laboratory of Solar Activity and Space Weather, School of Aerospace, Harbin Institute of Technology , Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China ; wingwy@mail.ustc.edu.cn, wy@hit.edu.cn; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Numerical Prediction for Space Storm, School of Aerospace, Harbin Institute of Technology , Shenzhen, People’s Republic of ChinaState Key Laboratory of Solar Activity and Space Weather, School of Aerospace, Harbin Institute of Technology , Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China ; wingwy@mail.ustc.edu.cn, wy@hit.edu.cn; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Numerical Prediction for Space Storm, School of Aerospace, Harbin Institute of Technology , Shenzhen, People’s Republic of ChinaState Key Laboratory of Solar Activity and Space Weather, School of Aerospace, Harbin Institute of Technology , Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China ; wingwy@mail.ustc.edu.cn, wy@hit.edu.cn; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Numerical Prediction for Space Storm, School of Aerospace, Harbin Institute of Technology , Shenzhen, People’s Republic of ChinaState Key Laboratory of Solar Activity and Space Weather, School of Aerospace, Harbin Institute of Technology , Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China ; wingwy@mail.ustc.edu.cn, wy@hit.edu.cn; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Numerical Prediction for Space Storm, School of Aerospace, Harbin Institute of Technology , Shenzhen, People’s Republic of ChinaState Key Laboratory of Solar Activity and Space Weather, School of Aerospace, Harbin Institute of Technology , Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China ; wingwy@mail.ustc.edu.cn, wy@hit.edu.cn; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Numerical Prediction for Space Storm, School of Aerospace, Harbin Institute of Technology , Shenzhen, People’s Republic of ChinaState Key Laboratory of Solar Activity and Space Weather, School of Aerospace, Harbin Institute of Technology , Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China ; wingwy@mail.ustc.edu.cn, wy@hit.edu.cn; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Numerical Prediction for Space Storm, School of Aerospace, Harbin Institute of Technology , Shenzhen, People’s Republic of ChinaState Key Laboratory of Solar Activity and Space Weather, School of Aerospace, Harbin Institute of Technology , Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China ; wingwy@mail.ustc.edu.cn, wy@hit.edu.cn; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Numerical Prediction for Space Storm, School of Aerospace, Harbin Institute of Technology , Shenzhen, People’s Republic of ChinaState Key Laboratory of Solar Activity and Space Weather, School of Aerospace, Harbin Institute of Technology , Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China ; wingwy@mail.ustc.edu.cn, wy@hit.edu.cn; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Numerical Prediction for Space Storm, School of Aerospace, Harbin Institute of Technology , Shenzhen, People’s Republic of ChinaState Key Laboratory of Solar Activity and Space Weather, School of Aerospace, Harbin Institute of Technology , Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China ; wingwy@mail.ustc.edu.cn, wy@hit.edu.cn; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Numerical Prediction for Space Storm, School of Aerospace, Harbin Institute of Technology , Shenzhen, People’s Republic of ChinaShandong High Technology Research , Shandong, People’s Republic of ChinaState Key Laboratory of Solar Activity and Space Weather, School of Aerospace, Harbin Institute of Technology , Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China ; wingwy@mail.ustc.edu.cn, wy@hit.edu.cn; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Numerical Prediction for Space Storm, School of Aerospace, Harbin Institute of Technology , Shenzhen, People’s Republic of ChinaState Key Laboratory of Lunar and Planetary Sciences, Macau University of Science and Technology , Macau, People’s Republic of ChinaState Key Laboratory of Lunar and Planetary Sciences, Macau University of Science and Technology , Macau, People’s Republic of ChinaIt has long been known that magnetopause position is primarily controlled by the solar wind dynamic pressure and the interplanetary magnetic field. This classical view, however, largely overlooks the ubiquitous role of solar wind turbulence. Consequently, it remains unclear which turbulent properties most effectively modulate the magnetopause position, on what characteristic scales these effects are most pronounced, and how these turbulence-driven effects are physically mediated. Employing a quasi-controlled-variable approach and excluding dominant disturbances, we perform the first direct statistical investigation by selecting 45 magnetopause crossing events (from 38,018 total between 2007 and 2022) under nearly identical background conditions, isolating the effects of turbulence characterized by its spectral properties, partial variance of increments, and the local energy transfer rate. The analysis, further validated by Cohen’s d effect sizes, reveals that turbulence could modulate the magnetopause position: intervals with flatter plasma spectra in the inertial range, higher incidence of intermittent structures (particularly at ∼47 s), and more intense energy transfer rates (particularly at ∼6 minutes) correlate with a more distant, outward-shifted boundary. These results tend to suggest that highly turbulent solar wind could enhance energy and momentum transfer into the magnetosphere, likely via a combination of viscous-like interactions, localized heating at intermittent structures, and resonant Alfvénic fluctuations, causing the outer magnetosphere to heat and expand. This work provides the first observational quantification of this fundamental coupling, which may offer crucial benchmarks for numerical simulations and new avenues for theoretical research.https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/adf7a6Solar windInterplanetary turbulenceSolar-planetary interactionsPlanetary magnetospheres
spellingShingle Yaxin Gu
Yi Wang
Fengsi Wei
Xueshang Feng
Boyi Wang
Ludi Wang
Wenyu Zhang
Zekun Xu
Zhuowei Chen
Yunxiang Lu
Xiaojian Song
Pingbing Zuo
Xiaojun Xu
Zilu Zhou
Observational Evidence for the Modulation of Magnetopause Position by Solar Wind Turbulence
The Astrophysical Journal Letters
Solar wind
Interplanetary turbulence
Solar-planetary interactions
Planetary magnetospheres
title Observational Evidence for the Modulation of Magnetopause Position by Solar Wind Turbulence
title_full Observational Evidence for the Modulation of Magnetopause Position by Solar Wind Turbulence
title_fullStr Observational Evidence for the Modulation of Magnetopause Position by Solar Wind Turbulence
title_full_unstemmed Observational Evidence for the Modulation of Magnetopause Position by Solar Wind Turbulence
title_short Observational Evidence for the Modulation of Magnetopause Position by Solar Wind Turbulence
title_sort observational evidence for the modulation of magnetopause position by solar wind turbulence
topic Solar wind
Interplanetary turbulence
Solar-planetary interactions
Planetary magnetospheres
url https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/adf7a6
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